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It is well-known that serum and cellular concentrations of zinc are altered in breast cancer patients. Specifically, there are notable zinc hyper-aggregates in breast tumor cells when compared to normal mammary epithelial cells. However, the mechanisms responsible for zinc accumulation and the consequences of zinc dysregulation are poorly understood. In this review, we detailed cellular zinc regulation/dysregulation under the influence of varying levels of sex steroids and breast cancer tumorigenesis to try to better understand the intricate relationship between these factors based on our current understanding of the CmPn/CmP signaling network. We also made some efforts to propose a relationship between zinc signaling and the CmPn/CmP signaling network.

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are neurological disorders that make individuals more susceptible to hemorrhagic stroke. The Mexican-Hispanic population has a higher prevalence of both CCMs and metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is also associated with hemorrhagic stroke. A study was conducted with 184 Mexican-Hispanic CCM subjects and age- and sex-matched Hispanic and non-Hispanic white controls. The CCM cohort had a higher proportion of epilepsy and hemorrhagic stroke but a lower proportion of MetS. Higher blood pressure and fasting glucose levels were observed in the CCM cohort. MetS and epilepsy were associated with increased odds of hemorrhagic stroke among elderly CCM patients, and increased systolic blood pressure was significantly linked to increased odds of hemorrhagic stroke in the CCM cohort. To minimize the risk of hemorrhagic stroke, it is important to manage blood pressure and comorbidities like MetS and epilepsy in CCM patients, particularly those older than 50.