ABSTRAKSIPembangunan suatu negara adalah hal yang paling utama dilakukan untuk mensejahterakan masyarakat. Salah satu hal yang merupakan tolak ukur pembangunan adlah dengan berkurangnya angka dan pengangguran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kemiskinan di Indonesia selama kurun waktu lima tahunan 2011 -2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan uji regresi. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 33 provinsi yang ad a di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya pengaruh antara IPM dengan kemiskinan, sedangkan untuk pertumbuhan ekonomi dan TPT tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap kemiskinan.
The existence of non-inclusive households significantly reduces the effect of the interest rate change policy on households inter-temporal consumption decisions. Further, financial inclusion is closely related to fintech. On the one hand, fintech helps overcome the financial inclusion problem because fintech manages to reach those who were previously inaccessible by banks. On the other hand, fintech will change the payment system structure in an economy that will eventually affect the effectiveness of monetary policy. Using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) with the observation period of 2009–2018, this study aims to analyze the effects of financial inclusion and fintech on effectiveness of the Indonesian monetary policy within the framework of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy through interest rate channel with both the cost of capital effect and the substitution effect. The results demonstrate that financial inclusion level affects inflation rate as a proxy of effectiveness of the Indonesian monetary policy, both in the short run and long run. However, the effect of shocks in financial inclusion on inflation is not permanent. Meanwhile, fintech only affects inflation rate in the short run. However, shocks in fintech affect the volatility of inflation rate is permanent both through the substitution effect and the cost of capital effect.
A. LATAR BELAKANGPerkembangan manajemen nilai tukar Indonesia telah mencatat adanya perubahan yang cukup drastis ketika Bank Indonesia menetapkan perubahan manajemen nilai tukar dari sistem nilai tukar dari mengambang terkendali (managed floating exchange rate) ke sistem nilai tukar mengambang bebas (free floating exchange rate). Perubahan manajemen yang sangat drastis ini berawal dari kondisi moneter yang berubah pada saat memasuki pertengahan tahun 1997. Rupiah mendapatkan tekanantekanan depresiatif yang sangat besar diawali dengan krisis nilai tukar di Thailand dan menyebar ke negara ASEAN lainnya. Nilai tukar rupiah secara simultan mendapat tekanan yang cukup berat karena besarnya capital outflow akibat hilangnya kepercayaan investor asing terhadap prospek perekonomian Indonesia. Tekanan terhadap nilai tukar tersebut diperberat lagi dengan semakin maraknya kegiatan speculative bubble, sehingga sejak krisis berlangsung nilai tukar mengalami depresiasi hingga mencapai 75 persen (Goeltom, 1998).Pada dasarnya Indonesia mempunyai pengalaman dalam menggunakan tiga sistem manajemen nilai tukar sejak tahun 1971 hingga sekarang (Waluyo dan Benny, 1998). Pada rentang tahun 1971 sampai tahun 1978, Indonesia menganut sistem nilai tukar tetap (fixed exchange rate), yaitu nilai rupiah secara langsung dikaitkan dengan nilai USD. Sejak 15 November 1978, sistem nilai tukar diubah menjadi mengambang terkendali (managed floating exchange rate) di mana nilai rupiah tidak lagi sematamata dikaitkan dengan USD, namun terhadap sekeranjang valuta partner dagang utama. Perubahan drastis dalam kebijakan mengambang terkendali tersebut terjadi pada tanggal 14 Agustus 1997, yaitu ketika sebelumnya Bank Indonesia menggunakan rentang sebagai acuan atas pergerakan nilai tukar, maka sejak itu tidak ada lagi rentang sebagai acuan nilai tukar (floating exchange rate sistem) [Simorangkir, 2004:51].Perubahan manajemen nilai tukar ini perlu dicermati lebih saksama tentang bagaimana kejutan nilai tukar akan memengaruhi perekonomian khususnya neraca perdagangan. Perubahan manajemen nilai tukar ini tentunya akan berimplikasi terhadap karakteristik fluktuasi nilai tukar dan pengaruhnya terhadap perekonomian terbuka. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan adanya perubahan terhadap nilai tukar suatu mata uang mempunyai pengaruh terhadap perekonomian, yang antara lain sering ditujukan dengan perubahan neraca perdagangan dan perubahan output. DAMPAK PERTUMBUHAN NILAI TUKAR RIIL TERHADAP
Poverty is a complex issue because it relates to the inability of access to economic, social, cultural, political and participation in society became one assessment of the success of the government's performance. This study aims to determine the effect of government spending for education and health sector to poverty. The data used is secondary data with regression models panel.Hasil mneguunakan Research shows that the effect of government spending education sector and no significant negative effect on poverty. Government spending in the health sector and no significant positive effect on poverty. This is because the government is less effective in reducing the number of people living below the poverty line, this is evidenced by the tendency of increase in the number of poor people from time to time.
This research to determine whether, exchange rate, interest rate (BI Rate) have an influence on Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG). The data used are secondary data from the period June 2008 to August 2010. The analytical tool used in this research is the error correction model (ECM). Previously conducted tests stasioneritas namely the root of the test unit and test the degree of integration and cointegration tests. Based on the test stasioneritas obtain stationary data on a Zero level at a significance level of 10% and other data on the first level and terkointegrasi diffirence on the zero level at 1% level of significance. The result of an error correction model analysis showed that in short term interest rate (BI Rate), Ezchange rate, significantly influences the IHSG fluctuates, while the long-term variable Exchange rate has a significant while variable interest rate is not significant.
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