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Effectiveremoval of drilling muds and related eolids from well bores hae been a topic of major concern for several decades. Displacementof incompatiblefluids such as drilling mud with solids Zree brine is a critical point during well operations. A clean efficientdisplacementis mandatory to maintain the bkine and mud integrity, reduce filtrationcosts, reduce rig time and provide a solids free environmentin the well. The net result -downhole operationsbecomp easier, faster~and more effective in clean fluids.

personnel as well as the company personnelwho will be at the project full time. Investigations Specific safety apparel, handling techniques,and of brine related accidents indicate th;: injuries safety planning are needed to assure safe effective could have been eliminatedif the injured people working conditionson any rig site where high denhad been taught how to handle these ayatems beforesity brines are used. Pre-spud safety meetings and hand. People working with these brine systems must on the rig training should be given to all be aware of brine propertiesbefore the actual personneldirectly involvedwith the project.drill-in, completion,or workover actually begins.At the rigsite, they should wear the necessary High density brines have different propertiesthan safety equipment to perform the job. Proper prectodrilling muds, and consequently:, should be handled differently for safety reasons. Brine paration and keeping alert during the job will ensure a safe effectiveoperation. propertiesthat differ from those o: drillingmuds are discussed and the affected safety procedures are expanded upon. BRINE PROPERTIESPersonalwearing apparel is of utmost importance Let's begin by discussing the actual brine system. when handling brines. Chemical splash goggles, First, what is a brine? A brine is simply a salt rubber gloves, .Ldrubber boots should be toanda-or a blend of salts plus water. Common commertory when handling brines. Rubber aprons, slicker cially available salts are potassiumchloride suits and dust/mist respiratorsshould be added (KC1), sodium chloride (NaCl),sodium bromide for specific conditions. (NaBr), calcium chloride (CaC12),calcium bromide (CaBr2),and zinc bromide (ZnBr2). Other salts Eye waah fountainsand drench showers should be are available,but those above are the predominant installedon the rig near high splash risk areas. source materiala. Brfnes are made from these salts to the densities listed in Table 1. R!M "r-.