We report on the synthesis of CuO/TiO2 composites via a photo-assisted deposition method. The encapsulated clove oil was synthesized using oil-in-water emulsification. The optimum mass ratio of CuO:TiO2 was combined with encapsulated clove oil and then coated on fabric. The obtained CuO/TiO2 composites were examined using scanning electron microscopy to scrutinize their morphology and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectra to identify the composites’ absorption range and bandgap energy. The modified fabrics were then characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that CuO/TiO2 samples possess spheroidal shapes, while the absorption spectra of CuO/TiO2 samples were red-shifted to the visible region as the CuO content increased. Photocatalytic activities of TiO2 and CuO/TiO2 were examined by degrading methylene blue under ultraviolet light, which shows that CuO-doped TiO2 exhibits higher activity than TiO2. The self-cleaning functionality of the modified fabrics was examined using sludge solution, revealing that the modified fabrics with CuO/TiO2 composites and encapsulated clove oil (CLO-CuO/TiO2) exhibit cleaner surfaces than blank fabric. The optimum capacity of the fabrics as repellents was obtained in a sample with the smallest average mosquitoes landing of four.

The study aimed to get the optimum antibacterial properties on fabric. CuO-doped TiO2 composite was synthesized by photo assisted deposition method. The amount of CuO loading varied (1.5%, 3% and 6%) in the total weight of composite to obtain the optimum effect of CuO in photodisinfection Escherichia coli. The 3% CuO/TiO2 possessed the optimum antibacterial activity with 92% of E. coli were disinfected within 2 h. This phenomenon was supported by the UV-Vis DRS results, which implied the addition of CuO could act as a dopant and an electron trapper in reducing the band-gap energy to 2.97 eV in 3% CuO/TiO2. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed the Ti-O-Ti and Ti-O-Si bands, which confirmed TiO2 attach on fabric.

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