The inferior parietal lobule (IPL) of the monkey is the homologous region to the supramarginal and angular gyri in man, subserving language and related cortical functions. We have examined specific zones of the IPL by injecting eight monkeys with retrogradely transported HRP, and located the positive cells in the thalamic sections with the assistance of an X-Y plotter and reference to the atlas of Olszewski ('52). Projections to the IPL were found in the following thalamic nuclei: Anterior (Anterior Medial, Anterior Ventral) ; Lateral (Ventral Anterior, Ventral Anterior magnocellularis, Ventral Lateral caudalis, Pulvinar oralis, medialis, lateralis and inferior, Lateral Posterior and Lateral Dorsal) ; Medial (Medialis Dorsalis densocellularis, parvocellularis, and multiformis) ; Midline and Intralaminar (Centralis densocellularis, Centralis lateralis, Centralis inferior, Centralis superior lateralis, Subfascicularis parvocellularis, Paracentralis and Parafascicularis) ; and Posterior (Limitans, Suprageniculatus and Geniculatus Medialis magnocellularis) .A major projection to the superior portion of the IPL was from the anterior nuclei and Paracentralis of the intralaminar group. Ventralis Lateralis and oral Pulvinar projected primarily to the anterior-inferior portion of the IPL, whereas Lateral Posterior projected most strongly to the anterior and superior portion. The major projection of the lateral Pulvinar was to the mid-superior portion of the IPL and to area 19. The projections of the inferior Pulvinar were heaviest to area 19, but there was some overlap in the mid-superior portion of the IPL with the medial and lateral Pulvinar. The major projection from the posterior thalamic nuclear complex was to the mid-IPL. The heterogeneous input from the thalamus to the IPL was not anticipated on the basis of prior anterograde or retrograde degeneration studies, and suggests that classical subdivisions of specific and associational thalamic nuclei should be revised with the axonal transport methods of study.Cerebral hemisphere connection studies have demonstrated convergence of input to certain zones in the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital cortex (Pandya and Kuypers, '69; Jones and Powell, '70). These zones lie outside the primary receptive areas and are associative in nature. We have studied in the rhesus monkey the anatomical relationships of the clinically important representative of associational cortex, the inferior parietal lobule (IPL). This region has been designated area 7 by Brodmann ('09) and P F and PG by von Bonin and Bailey ('47). IPL lesions in humans can produce serious deficits in language, calculation, right-left and spatial orientation, figure construction, awareness of body parts and sensory stimuli, tasks involving sensory discrimination and the ability to recognize self impairment (Critchley, '53; Geschwind, '65).Microelectrode recording studies in the monkey have shown visual, auditory and sensory convergence to area 7 neurons (Hyvarinen and Poranen, '74). The subcortical rela...

Posttraumatic spasticity severely impedes rehabilitation potential and nursing care. Treatment of severe spasticity has included medical therapy, spinal cord ablative procedures, anterior and posterior root lesions and peripheral denervations, and tendon releases. Open rhizotomy and percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomy have achieved good results. We prospectively studied 25 patients with severe spasticity to assess the efficacy of percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomy. All or most of the prospectively identified goals were accomplished in 24 of the 25 patients, with improvement persisting during an average follow-up period of 12 months. The improvement due to decreased tone was much greater than the improvement due to increased range of motion.

Interhemispheric subdural hematomas are rare. Bilateral interhemispheric subdural hematomas in a patient with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt for hydrocephalus were diagnosed by computerized tomographic (CT) scan after mild head trauma. The value of CT scanning, the clinical presentation and treatment, and a review of the literature are presented.