Purpose Understanding the etiology of cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is critical to identify targets to develop therapies to reduce CRF burden. The goal of this systematic review was to expand on the initial work by the National Cancer Institute CRF Working Group to understand the state of the science of the biology of CRF. Specifically, to evaluate studies that examined the relationships between biomarkers and CRF, and to develop an etiologic model of CRF to guide researchers on pathways to explore or therapeutic targets to investigate. Methods This review was completed by the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer Fatigue Study Group – Biomarker Working Group. The initial search used three terms (biomarkers, fatigue, cancer), which yielded 11,129 articles. After removing duplicates, 7,175 articles remained. Titles were assessed for the keywords, “cancer” and “fatigue” resulting in 3,811 articles. Articles published before 2010 and those with samples <50 were excluded, leaving 75 articles for full-text review. Of the 75 articles, 25 were further excluded for not investigating the associations of biomarkers and CRF. Results Of the 47 articles reviewed, 25 were cross-sectional and 22 were longitudinal studies. Less than half (44%) were published recently (2010-2013). Almost half (46%) enrolled breast cancer participants. A majority of studies assessed fatigue using self-report questionnaires, and only two studies used clinical parameters to measure fatigue. Conclusions The findings from this review suggest that CRF is linked to immune/inflammatory, metabolic, neuroendocrine, and genetic biomarkers. We also identified gaps in knowledge and made recommendations for future research.

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is commonly performed, and several factors increase the

Readmissions and complications following cholecystectomy are common and associated with patient and disease characteristics.

This project emphasised the importance of education of all personnel involved in patient care and that a simple assessment of skin integrity is critical in preventing and managing skin tear especially among the susceptible elderly population.

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