Various types of vaccines, such as mRNA, adenovirus, and inactivated virus by injection, have been developed to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although some of them have already been approved under the COVID-19 pandemic, various drawbacks, including severe side effects and the requirement for sub-zero temperature storage, may hinder their applications. Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) is generally recognized as a safe and endotoxin-free Gram-positive bacterium that has been extensively employed as a host for the expression of recombinant proteins. Its dormant spores are extraordinarily resistant to the harsh environment in the gastrointestinal tract. This feature makes it an ideal carrier for oral administration in resisting this acidic environment and for release in the intestine. In this study, an engineered B. subtilis spore expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (sRBD) on the spore surface was developed. In a pilot test, no adverse health event was observed in either mice or healthy human volunteers after three oral courses of B. subtilis spores. Significant increases in neutralizing antibody against sRBD, in both mice and human volunteers, after oral administration were also found. These findings may enable the further clinical developments of B. subtilis spores as an oral vaccine candidate against COVID-19 in the future.

On Saturday, 25th February 2006, the Faculty of General Dental Practice (UK) hosted its annual ceremony of presentation of Diplomates. A total of 90 individuals received Diplomas in a packed Edward Lumley Hall at The Royal College of Surgeons of England.

With internet connectivity, a new horizon of scientific co-operation and collaboration at global level has been opened. Anyone can have easy access to information on not only public health and hygiene matters, but also on more esoteric aspects of dental practice. This article points out the use of the internet in dentistry.

The journal retracts the article “Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Receptor Binding Domain on Recombinant B. subtilis on Spore Surface: A Potential COVID-19 Oral Vaccine Candidate” [...]

AimsGathering honest feedback on experiences of clinical rotations is vital to allow improvement of training. However, our current local systems lack anonymity, which may lead to reduced confidence in providing honest views. Aim: To provide trainees with a method of giving honest and protected feedback to improve future training posts.MethodsA Survey Monkey feedback form which was sent to core trainees across West Yorkshire in July 2022. This allowed feedback for up to 6 rotations, meaning those finishing CT3 could retrospectively review all their placements. The data were analysed by the project leads, grouped into themes, and anonymised.ResultsWe received responses for a total of 57 posts from 23 core trainees (total trainees July 2022 = 71), some of whom responded for multiple posts. Types of posts reviewed included: General Adult (40.4%), Older Adult (24.6%), Child and Adolescent Mental Health (8.8%), Forensics (7%), Learning Disability (5.3%) and Psychotherapy/Liaison (3.5%). 10.5% of responses did not specify the speciality.Overall, respondents strongly recommended 51.8% (n=29) and recommended 12.5% (n=7) of posts to other trainees. Respondents strongly did not recommend 5.3% (n=3) and did not recommend 1.8% (n=1) of posts to other trainees. Positive themes included having a range of experiences and a supportive team. Trainees valued having a range of cases with appropriate autonomy. They liked having a job that was busy enough to gain the required experience but not too busy to impede training and learning opportunities. An accessible and supportive supervisor who provided regular supervision with completion of work based placed assessments was also important.Negative themes included lack of regular supervision and heavy workload, which impacted a trainee's ability to attend teaching and participate in other aspects of professional development. Feedback for inpatient posts suggested that physical health obligations sometimes limited training opportunities.ConclusionOur results have shown that training needs are varied between trainees. It is therefore important that trainees have honest discussions with their supervisors about their needs and areas for development. Overall, trainees would recommend the majority (64.3%) of posts reviewed, however areas for improvement were highlighted. These may include extra training opportunities and increased physical health support. The main limitation of our evaluation was the low survey uptake (32.4%) in comparison to total trainee numbers. We hope that sharing our findings with both trainers and trainees will improve future responses.