The ability to stabilize the gun is crucial for performance in Olympic pistol shooting and is thought to be related to the shooters muscular strength. The present study examines the relation between performance and finger flexor force as well as shoulder abduction isometric force in senior male air pistol shooting. 46 Spanish national level shooters served as test subjects of the study. Two maximal force tests were carried out recording handgrip and deltoid force data under competition conditions, during the official training time at national Spanish championships. Performance was measured as the total score of 60 shots at competition. Linear regressions were calculated to examine the relations between performance and peak and average finger flexor forces, peak and average finger flexor forces relative to the BMI, peak and average shoulder abduction isometric forces, peak shoulder abduction isometric force relative to the BMI. The connection between performance and other variables such as age, weight, height, BMI, experience in years and training hours per week was also analyzed. Significant correlations were found between performance at competition and average and peak finger flexor forces. For the rest of the force variables no significant correlations were found. Significant correlations were also found between performance at competition and experience as well as training hours. No significant correlations were found between performance and age, weight, height or BMI. The study concludes that hand grip strength training programs are necessary for performance in air pistol shooting.

We present and validate a test able to provide reliable body sway measurements in air pistol shooting, without the use of a gun. 46 senior male pistol shooters who participated in Spanish air pistol championships participated in the study. Body sway data of two static bipodal balance tests have been compared: during the first test, shooting was simulated by use of a dumbbell, while during the second test the shooters own pistol was used. Both tests were performed the day previous to the competition, during the official training time and at the training stands to simulate competition conditions. The participantś performance was determined as the total score of 60 shots at competition. Apart from the commonly used variables that refer to movements of the shooters centre of pressure (COP), such as COP displacements on the X and Y axes, maximum and average COP velocities and total COP area, the present analysis also included variables that provide information regarding the axes of the COP ellipse (length and angle in respect to X). A strong statistically significant correlation between the two tests was found (with an interclass correlation varying between 0.59 and 0.92). A statistically significant inverse linear correlation was also found between performance and COP movements. The study concludes that dumbbell tests are perfectly valid for measuring body sway by simulating pistol shooting.

En Internet acontecen prácticas publicitarias que,pasando desapercibidas para el usuario, pueden vulnerar su privacidad. Una de ellas es el recurso, por parte de numerosas empresas que operan en la Red, a técnicas susceptibles de monitorizar la actuación del usuario como las cookies. Éstas últimas pueden tener diversas utilidades, entre las que destaca la posibilidad de remitir anuncios comerciales electrónicos personalizados a los gustos y preferencias de quienes los visualizan.

La tecnología ha marcado un claro punto de inflexión en todos los ámbitos del entorno actual, suscitando un cambio en el know how de las actividades empresariales, estableciendo nuevas pautas de actuación en el mercado. Dentro de las tecnologías disruptivas que, de forma notable, están incidiendo en estas últimas podemos citar la cadena de bloques. Una de las obras de referencia en materia de Blockchain es, precisamente, la presente monografía. Como es conocido, el Blockchain es un anglicismo que se traduce como cadena de bloques. Representa un procedimiento informático-protocolo-inicialmente creado con el objetivo de soportar las criptomonedas cuyo paradigma es Bitcoin. Esta última presenta dos caracteres diferenciadores básicos, respecto a la moneda tradicional o decimonónica, a saber: la voluntariedad y su naturaleza descentralizada. La disrupción que suscita en los medios de pago, en el espacio mercantil, estriba en que las criptomonedas, con carácter general, han operado al margen de las monedas fiduciarias. Podemos manifestar que los valores en los que las mismas oscilan se encuentran fuertemente condicionadas por la ley de la oferta y de la demanda. Blockchain es el soporte de Bitcoin, es decir es el protocolo informático que sirve de base a la criptomoneda más notable en la actualidad. La cadena de bloques constituye una combinación de distintas tecnologías con un fin acreditativo. Es, en definitiva, una novedosa manifestación de lo que se ha llamado economía colaborativa. Constituye, además, una herramienta de carácter acreditativo que fomenta la aportación/invocación del procedimiento con el fin de sustentar las pretensiones de las partes frente a una posible controversia. Se ha dicho, con acierto, que la figura que analizamos es como un libro público de contabilidad. Más bien, puede decirse que se erige en un instrumento registral o tabular que cuenta con una tabla indeleble o compartida como

Resumen: En este trabajo analizamos la relevancia que la privacidad tiene en la era digital. Representa uno de los aspectos susceptibles de generar desconfianza en el consumidor o usuario que recurre a Internet. Para garantizar que las empresas que operan en la Red son respetuosas con los derechos de los usuarios, se han ideado logotipos acreditativos de la adhesión a un elenco de buenas prácticas en el ámbito de la privacidad. Uno de los objetivos fundamentales del presente artículo es poner de relieve que tales instrumentos constituyen un útil complemento de la normativa legal. Igualmente se realiza un estudio empírico, sobre la base de una entrevista semiestructurada abierta, dirigido a conocer los efectos que estos iconos tienen respecto a sus destinatarios. Hemos delimitado el presente estudio a los logotipos que operan en España, con independencia del origen de los mismos, dado que algunos son foráneos.Palabras-clave: confianza; confidencialidad; Internet; privacidad; sellos. Internet privacy seals: user perception in SpainAbstract: In this paper we analyze the importance that privacy has in the digital age. It represents one of the aspects which can generate distrust in the consumer or user of Internet. In order to guarantee that those companies which operate in Internet are respectful of the user's rights, it has been designed logos for the adherence to a list of good practices in the field of privacy. One of the most important objectives of this paper is to emphasize that such instruments provide a useful complement to the legal regulations. However, it will be done an empirical study, based on the open semi-structured interview, and designed to determine the effects that these icons have on their receivers. We have delimited the present study to logos operating in Spain, regardless of their origins, because some of them are outsiders.