Process development work to provide an efficient, robust, and cost-effective manufacturing route to avibactam, a β-lactamase inhibitor is presented herewith. Aspects of this optimization work include the counterintuitive introduction of a protecting group to effect a difficult urea formation and the use of controlled feed hydrogenation conditions to facilitate an elegant one pot debenzylation and sulfation reaction. Overall, the commercial process delivers avibactam in much improved yield with significant reduction in the environmental footprint.

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