Introducción. La pandemia de la COVID-19 llevó a que la mayoría de los países suspendieran las actividades educativas de forma presencial. En México se optó por continuar el ciclo escolar a distancia. Debido a lo atípico de la situación, no se cuentan con herramientas para evaluar la experiencia del estudiantado ante esta medida. Objetivo. Diseñar y evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Experiencia Educativa durante Pandemia (CEEP). Método. El CEEP consta de 89 ítems en escala Likert, se aplicó a una muestra no probabilística de 1,441 estudiantes mexicanos de educación superior. Resultados. Se realizó un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio, se eliminaron ítems con carga factorial inferior a 0.40, ítems restantes se agruparon en 9 factores (50.836% de la varianza total). Los factores y el cuestionario en general arrojaron valores aceptables de consistencia interna (0.670 > a > 0.991). Discusión. Se considera que el CEEP es una herramienta adecuada para evaluar la experiencia estudiantil durante la pandemia. El estudiantado valora positivamente sus aptitudes para la educación a distancia (EaD), así como la calidad y proceder de sus docentes; pese a ello reportan menor satisfacción con la dinámica de la EaD y una experiencia emocional negativa.
En las actuales ecologías mediáticas la adquisición de saberes digitales, manejo de dieta de medios y dominios generales de las TIC son fundamentales para el desarrollo y el empoderamiento de las audiencias, en particular, al considerar los desafíos políticos y sociales de entornos como el latinoamericano. Así, el estudio de la competencia mediática es urgente para dimensionar las necesidades y características de estas comunidades. La presente investigación analiza la dimensión axiológica e ideológica de la competencia mediática durante un proceso electoral en el noroeste de México, región que se ha caracterizado por la violencia relacionada con el crimen organizado. A partir de un instrumento diseñado para evaluar dicha competencia, se seleccionaron 23 ítems que remiten a la dimensión señalada, este se aplicó por medio de un muestreo probabilístico a 385 sujetos divididos en nativos, inmigrantes y analfabetos digitales. Tras un análisis factorial exploratorio se identificaron siete factores que conforman la dimensión axiológica e ideológica. Se exploraron las puntuaciones intra e intergrupos y se encontraron puntuaciones bajas en componentes que aluden a la participación ciudadana y a la movilización social; asimismo, tres de los siete factores presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas, siendo los nativos digitales quienes reportaron valores más bajos. Así, se pone en evidencia la necesidad de buscar nuevas estrategias para que los ciudadanos adquieran la competencia mediática y que así el prosumo se vuelva una herramienta de empoderamiento socialThe acquisition of digital skills, media diet management, and general knowledge of ICT, is essential for the development and empowerment of audiences in the current media ecology, particularly considering the political and social challenges of the Latin American environment. In that sense, the study of media competence is urgent for sizing up the needs and characteristics of these communities. This work analyses the axiological and ideological dimension of media competence during an electoral process in northwestern Mexico, a region that is generally subject to violence related to organized crime. Twenty-three items pertaining to this dimension were selected from an instrument designed to evaluate media competence, which were applied to a probability sample of 385 subjects divided by digital natives, digital migrants, and digital illiterates. After an exploratory factor analysis, seven factors were identified. The intra and inter-group scores were explored, lower scores were found in components that allude citizens’ participation and social action; likewise, three of seven factors showed statistically significant differences, being digital natives who reported a lower score. Therefore, the need to search for new strategies for citizens to acquire media competence is evident, in order for pro-summing to become a social empowerment too
El presente estudio se enfocó en explorar las teorías implícitas de la violencia de pareja en hombres y mujeres, residentes de un municipio ubicado al norte de Sinaloa. Para ello se elaboró el cuestionario de teorías implícitas de la violencia de pareja, a partir de las cuatro tipologías establecidas para la violencia en el ámbito privado: física, sexual, económica y psicológica. Se tomaron en cuenta dos variables: el sexo de los participantes y el del agresor. En los resultados se reconoce la violencia explícita y la sutil. En términos generales, los hombres tienden a atribuir menor grado de violencia que las mujeres. Se resalta la importancia de explorar las construcciones sociales sobre la violencia, para entender la magnitud y crecimiento de este fenómeno. Palabras clave: violencia de pareja; género; teorías implícitas; atribución; pensamiento social; Sinaloa. Abstract: the present study was aimed at exploring the implicit theories of intimate partner violence between men and women of a municipality located in northern Sinaloa. In order to retrieve such theories, an Intimate Partner Violence Questionnaire (ctivp) was developed from the established definition for domestic violence across four domains: physical, sexual, economic and psychological. Two independent variables were considered: the participants' and the aggressor’s gender. Results showed that two types of violence are recognized: explicit and subtle. Generally speaking, men tend to attribute lesser degree of violence than women. The relevance of exploring social constructions of violence to understand the degree and growth of this phenomenon is highlighted.Palabras clave: violencia de pareja; género; teorías implícitas; atribución; pensamiento social; Sinaloa. AbstractThe present study was aimed at exploring the implicit theories of intimate partner violence between men and women of a municipality located in northern Sinaloa. In order to retrieve such theories, an Intimate Partner Violence Questionnaire (ctivp) was developed from the established definition for domestic violence across four domains: physical, sexual, economic and psychological. Two independent variables were considered: the participants' and the aggressor’s gender. Results showed that two types of violence are recognized: explicit and subtle. Generally speaking, men tend to attribute lesser degree of violence than women. The relevance of exploring social constructions of violence to understand the degree and growth of this phenomenon is highlighted.Key words: intimate partner violence; gender; implicit theories; attribution; social thought; Sinaloa.
The purpose of the Peraj Mentoring Program is to aid in the social, emotional, and academic development of children from disadvantageous family, cultural, and socioeconomic contexts. School dropout has been recognized as a serious problem in the Mexican Educational System. The present study explored the effect of the participation in Peraj on school dropout risk of children. A questionnaire was specifically designed and administered in a pretest/posttest model to mentees and control subjects. The findings suggest that, in general, after participating in the Peraj program, the mentees showed a decrease in their risk of dropping out of school. In contrast, the control subjects, who did not participate in the Peraj program, showed an increase in dropout risk. Thus, there is evidence to support that Peraj mentoring can be a useful tool to reduce the dropout problem in Mexico.
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