ResumenSe aplicaron las tecnologías avanzadas de oxidación, fotocatálisis heterogénea y foto-Fenton, para comprobar su viabilidad en el tratamiento de las aguas residuales provenientes del proceso de lavado de biodiesel. Las aguas presentaron altos niveles en demanda química de oxígeno, carbono orgánico total y metanol, sugiriendo la necesidad de implementar procesos posteriores de tratamiento. Los resultados muestran que la fotocatálisis heterogénea no es una tecnología adecuada debido a las altas cargas orgánicas, mientras que la foto-Fenton presenta altos valores de remoción. Se concluye que ésta es una tecnología viable que podría ser implementada a escala industrial. Palabras clave: foto-Fenton, fotocatálisis heterogénea, biodiesel, tratamiento de aguas residuales Heterogeneous Photocatalysis and Photo-Fenton Applied to the Wash Water Treatment of Biodiesel Production AbstractAdvanced oxidation technologies, heterogeneous photocatalysis and photo-Fenton, were applied to verify its feasibility in the treatment of wastewater from the washing process of biodiesel production. These waters showed high levels of chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon and methanol, suggesting the need to implement subsequent treatment processes. The results show that heterogeneous photocatalysis is not an appropriate technology due to high organic loads, while the photo-Fenton has high values of removal. It is concluded that this is a viable technology that could be implemented at industrial scale.

ResumenSe presentan los resultados obtenidos del uso de mezclas de aceites crudos de higuerilla, de palma y de fritura con aceite de soja refinado, blanqueado y desodorizado (RBD) en la síntesis de resinas alquídicas. Se emplearon las técnicas de caracterización índice de iodo, índice de acidez, índice de saponificación, humedad Karl Fisher, índice de hidroxilo, cromatografía gaseosa, transformación de Fourier de la radiación infrarroja (FTIR) y análisis termogravimétrico. Los resultados indican que las mezclas con aceite de soja que contienen 30, 50 y 70% en masa de los aceites mencionados permiten obtener resinas alquídicas que cumplen con los criterios de calidad requeridos para el desarrollo de productos terminados, tales como esmaltes, lacas y selladores para madera. Estos resultados se constituyen en una alternativa tecnológica y económicamente factible para la reducción de costos mediante la incorporación de estos aceites de bajo valor dentro de la industria de resinas poliméricas tipo alquídicas o de poliéster insaturado. AbstractResults on the synthesis of alkyd resins from mixtures of castor oil, palm oil and frying oils with refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) soybean oil are presented. Iodine value, acidity number, saponification number, moisture content, hydroxyl number, gas chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize raw materials and products. It was found that mixtures containing 30, 50 and 70% by mass of these oils, balancing with RBD soybean oil, allow obtaining alkyd resins that comply with the quality criteria required for the development of finished products such as sealants and wood coatings. These results represent a technologically and economically feasible alternative for cost reduction by incorporating these crude oils in industries that produce polymeric resins or unsaturated polyester alkyd resins

The alarming levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) are an environmental problem that affects the economic growth of the world. CO2 emissions represent penalties and restrictions due to the high carbon footprint. Therefore, sustainable strategies are required to reduce the negative impact that occurs. Among the potential systems for CO2 capture are microalgae. These are defined as photosynthetic microorganisms that use CO2 and sunlight to obtain oxygen (O2) and generate value-added products such as biofuels, among others. Despite the advantages that microalgae may present, there are still technical–economic challenges that limit industrial-scale commercialization and the use of biomass in the production of added-value compounds. Therefore, this study reviews the current state of research on CO2 capture with microalgae, for which bibliometric analysis was used to establish the trends of the subject in terms of scientometric parameters. Technological advances in the use of microalgal biomass were also identified. Additionally, it was possible to establish the different cooperation networks between countries, which showed interactions in the search to reduce CO2 concentrations through microalgae.

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