The subject of church health and its deteriorating condition has taken center-stage in leadership discourse across the world. A decline in the health of a church has negative implications not only on its sustainability but also on the wider society owing to the role of the church as the moral custodian of society. An argument has been advanced in extant scholarship that transformational leadership is suitable for guiding religious organizations. However, most studies on this front take focus almost exclusively on the numerical health aspect of the organizations. The aim of the present study was to estimate the differential effect of transformational leadership on spiritual health and economic health in addition to numerical health of selected churches in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The target population comprised members of selected denominational churches from which a sample size of 330 members was drawn. The participants filled out the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire and the Natural Church Development tools. Data analysis was done using SPSS. Results showed that the four transformational leadership dimensions explained 40% of numerical health metric, 56.9% of economic health metric, and for 50.2% of spiritual health metric. Conclusion was drawn that transformational leadership had positive but differential effect on church health dimensions. The study has affirmed the relevance of transformational leadership for enhancing numeric, economic and spiritual health of the church in Kenya. However, in as much as the effect sizes were large, a substantial share of church health metrics still remained unexplained, thereby providing grounds for continued empirical enquiry.

The subject of church health and its deteriorating condition has taken center-stage in leadership discourse across the world. A decline in the health of a church has negative implications not only on the sustainability of the church but also on the wider society owing to the role of the church as the moral custodian of society. An argument has been advanced in extant scholarship that transformational leadership is suitable for guiding religious organizations. However, most studies on this front take focus almost exclusively on the numerical health aspect of the organizations. The aim of the present study was to estimate the differential effect of transformational leadership on spiritual health and economic health in addition to the numerical health of selected churches in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The target population comprised members of selected denominational churches from which a sample size of 330 members was drawn. The participants filled out the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire and the Natural Church Development tools. Data analysis was done using SPSS. Results showed that the four transformational leadership dimensions explained 40% of numerical health metrics, 56.9% of economic health metrics, and 50.2% of spiritual health metrics. The conclusion was drawn that transformational leadership had a positive but differential effect on church health dimensions. The study has affirmed the relevance of transformational leadership in enhancing the numeric, economic, and spiritual health of the church in Kenya. However, in as much as the effect sizes were large, a substantial share of church health metrics still remained unexplained, thereby providing grounds for continued empirical inquiry.

The subject of church health and its deteriorating condition has taken center-stage in leadership discourse across the world. A decline in the health of a church has negative implications not only on its sustainability but also on the wider society owing to the role of the church as the moral custodian of society. An argument has been advanced in extant scholarship that transformational leadership is suitable for guiding religious organizations. However, most studies on this front take focus almost exclusively on the numerical health aspect of the organizations. The aim of the present study was to estimate the differential effect of transformational leadership on spiritual health and economic health in addition to numerical health of selected churches in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The target population comprised members of selected denominational churches from which a sample size of 330 members was drawn. The participants filled out the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire and the Natural Church Development tools. Data analysis was done using SPSS. Results showed that the four transformational leadership dimensions explained 40% of numerical health metric, 56.9% of economic health metric, and for 50.2% of spiritual health metric. Conclusion was drawn that transformational leadership had positive but differential effect on church health dimensions. The study has affirmed the relevance of transformational leadership for enhancing numeric, economic and spiritual health of the church in Kenya. However, in as much as the effect sizes were large, a substantial share of church health metrics still remained unexplained, thereby providing grounds for continued empirical enquiry.

The emergence of crises and shocks in the last few decades has left devastating disruptions in businesses across the world. Such disruptions often lead to unexpected disorientation, low profitability and losses, stagnation, and in some cases liquidation of businesses. As a result, there have been continuous calls for developing systems within the business that would enable businesses to be resilient and absorb such shocks. Existing literature on organizational resilience has focused on the relationship between resilience and other constructs such as performance, efficiency, competitiveness, and productivity: Giving little or no attention to the role that management support consideration in attaining organizational resilience. The objective of the study was therefore to examine how management support and consideration affect organizational resilience in telecommunication companies in Kenya. The study was anchored on the Managerial Grid of Leadership Theory. A positivist research philosophy was adopted. The preferred research design was a quantitative descriptive approach and cross-sectional descriptive survey. The study population comprised 9,847 participants drawn from all 19 registered telecommunication companies in Kenya. From this population, a sample size of 384 respondents was selected using a stratified sampling technique. Primary data was used which was collected via structured questionnaires. Corrected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential analysis via correlation analysis and regression analysis. Hypothesis testing was based on regression results analysis. The predictive power of the model was tested using the coefficient of determination (R2), the fitness of the model was tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) while the significance of management support and consideration in predicting organizational resilience was based on P-value in Student t-test at 0.05 significance level. Results showed that management support and consideration existed among telecommunication companies in Kenya. There was an agreement among the respondents that telecommunication companies in Kenya were resilient in the last five years. Correlational results revealed that management support and consideration had a positive correlation with organizational resilience. Hypothesis testing results established that there is a significant relationship between management support and consideration of organizational resilience in telecommunication companies in Kenya. Therefore, it was concluded that management support and consideration have a significant effect on organizational resilience in telecommunication companies in Kenya. The study thus recommends that organizational leaders should develop capacity-building programs, spur creativity, innovation, and organizational efficacy to accomplish the set corporate goals and gain resilience through robust business continuity plans among other relevant initiatives.

The emergence of crises and shocks in the last few decades has left devastating disruptions in businesses across the world. Such disruptions often lead to unexpected disorientation, low profitability and losses, stagnation, and in some cases liquidation of businesses. As a result, there have been continuous calls for developing systems within the business that would enable businesses to be resilient and absorb such shocks. Existing literature on organizational resilience has focused on the relationship between resilience and other constructs such as performance, efficiency, competitiveness, and productivity: Giving little or no attention to the role that management support consideration in attaining organizational resilience. The objective of the study was therefore to examine how management support and consideration affect organizational resilience in telecommunication companies in Kenya. The study was anchored on the Managerial Grid of Leadership Theory. A positivist research philosophy was adopted. The preferred research design was a quantitative descriptive approach and cross-sectional descriptive survey. The study population comprised 9,847 participants drawn from all 19 registered telecommunication companies in Kenya. From this population, a sample size of 384 respondents was selected using a stratified sampling technique. Primary data was used which was collected via structured questionnaires. Corrected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential analysis via correlation analysis and regression analysis. Hypothesis testing was based on regression results analysis. The predictive power of the model was tested using the coefficient of determination (R2), the fitness of the model was tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) while the significance of management support and consideration in predicting organizational resilience was based on P-value in Student t-test at 0.05 significance level. Results showed that management support and consideration existed among telecommunication companies in Kenya. There was an agreement among the respondents that telecommunication companies in Kenya were resilient in the last five years. Correlational results revealed that management support and consideration had a positive correlation with organizational resilience. Hypothesis testing results established that there is a significant relationship between management support and consideration of organizational resilience in telecommunication companies in Kenya. Therefore, it was concluded that management support and consideration have a significant effect on organizational resilience in telecommunication companies in Kenya. The study thus recommends that organizational leaders should develop capacity-building programs, spur creativity, innovation, and organizational efficacy to accomplish the set corporate goals and gain resilience through robust business continuity plans among other relevant initiatives.