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The generation of primary aerosols from biomass hinders the production of biofuels by pyrolysis, intensifies the environmental impact of forest fires, and exacerbates the health implications associated with cigarette smoking. High speed photography is utilized to elucidate the ejection mechanism of aerosol particles from thermally decomposing cellulose at the timescale of milliseconds. Fluid modeling, based on first principles, and experimental measurement of the ejection phenomenon supports the proposed mechanism of interfacial gas bubble collapse forming a liquid jet which subsequently fragments to form ejected aerosol particles capable of transporting nonvolatile chemicals. Identification of the bubble-collapse/ejection mechanism of intermediate cellulose confirms the transportation of nonvolatile material to the gas phase and provides fundamental understanding for predicting the rate of aerosol generation.

Diesel fuel injector nozzles have a significant of cavitation. Typically, a model assumes that the cavieffect on the quality of spray and charge preparation. tation is either a smooth cavity or a bubbly mixture. In However, the mechanism and degree of this effect is general, the ideal cavitation model must capture either unclear. The complexity of the internal nozzle flow has kind of behaviour. hindered the study of the fuel injection process. Diesel fuel injector nozzle flows are highly turbulent and usually two-Key words: diesel fuel, injector nozzles, cavitation, twophase. Several experiments have shown the presence of phase flow cavitation in the nozzles to be a dominating effect. Recent experimental work has revealed new qualitative details about the cavitation in fuel injector nozzles. The cavity

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