AbstrakKompleks mitral merupakan salah satu komponen jantung yang memiliki peran sangat penting. Kompleks mitral memiliki struktur yang sangat kompleks dimana untuk menjalankan fungsi normal memerlukan interaksi terkoordinasi antara daun katup, annulus, korda tendinea, dan otot papilaris. Setiap komponen dari kompleks mitral memiliki peran yang berbeda. Gangguan dari setiap komponen ini dapat mengganggu fungsi normal katup seperti pada kondisi mitral stenosis dan mitral regurgitasi.Integritas kompleks mitral penting untuk menjaga ukuran normal, geometri dan fungsi ventrikel kiri. Fungsi ini terjadi melalui interaksi antara kompleks mitral dengan ventrikel. Pengetahuan tentang anatomi dan fisologi dari kompleks mitral terus berkembang. Pemahaman pembentukan daun katup dan suspensi aparatus mitral telah berkembang. Pendekatan saat ini difokuskan pada imuno histokimia, pelabelan in vivo jaringan lunak, dan mikrograf elektron. Sehingga sangat penting untuk mengetahui anatomi dan fisiologi dari kompleks mitral terkini. Makalah ini merangkum perkembangan terbaru tentang anatomi dan fisiologi dari katup mitral. 1,4 Kata kunci: kompleks mitral, ventrikel kiri, fisiologi AbstractThe mitral complex is one component of the heart that has a very important role. The mitral complex has a very complex structure where to perform normal functions requires coordinated interaction between the valve leaf, annulus, chordae tendineae, and papillary muscles. Each component of the mitral complex has a different role. Disorders of each of these components can interfere with normal valve function such as mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation.Mitral complex integrity is important for maintaining normal size, geometry and left ventricular function. This function occurs through the interaction between the mitral complex and the ventricles. Knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the mitral complex continues to develop. Understanding of valve leaf formation and suspension of the mitral apparatus has developed. The current approach is focused on immuno histochemistry, labeling in vivo soft tissue, and electron micrographs. So it is very important to know the anatomy and physiology of the latest mitral complex. This paper summarizes the latest developments regarding the anatomy and physiology of the mitral valve
ABSTRACT Background: Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) still a major health problem with high morbidity and mortality. The risk stratification of ADHF patients is an important factor to determine the initial management. Examination of lactic acid levels is an inexpensive tool and mostly available at primary care centers. Lactate clearance, derivation of lactic acid level, is one of the modalities that can be used to assess risk stratification. The association between lactate clearance and in-hospital major cardiovascular events (MACE) of ADHF patients has not been studied yet. Method: Observational approach with cross-sectional design. Data obtained from observations during treatment in ADHF patients at Dr. RSUP M. Djamil Padang in April-July 2018. Bivariate analysis between variables lactate clearance and KKM was carried out during the treatment using the chi-square method and the Odds ratio was obtained. Result: From 44 subjects, 22 of subjects experienced MACE. From the results were found significant differences in lactate clearance in both of groups, -11,72 ± 4,25 %, vs 26,09 ± 9,36 % (p=0,000). The association between lactate clearance and in-hospital major cardiovascular events of ADHF patients in this study obtained OR 1,16 with 95% CI 1,12 - 4,102 (p = 0.000). Conclusion: Lactate clearance is a valuable modality that can be used to make a risk stratification in ADHF patients. Keywords: Lactate clearance, ADHF, risk stratification ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Gagal jantung dekompensata akut (ADHF) masih merupakan masalah kesehatan dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas tinggi. Stratifikasi risiko pasien ADHF merupakan faktor penting untuk menentukan managemen awal. Pemeriksaan kadar asam laktat merupakan alat yang murah dan tersedia di pusat pelayanan primer, lactate clearance merupakan salah satu modalitas untuk menilai stratifikasi risiko. Hubungan antara lactate clearance dengan kejadian kardioavaskular mayor selama perawatan pada pasien ADHF belum diteliti. Metode Penelitian: Pendekatan observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Data diperoleh dari pengamatan selama perawatan pada pasien ADHF di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang bulan April-Juli 2018. Dilakukan analisis bivariat antara varibel lactate clearance dengan KKM selama perawatan dengan menggunakan metode chi-square dan didapatkan nilai Odds ratio. Hasil Penelitian : Dari 44 subyek penelitian, 22 subjek dengan ADHF tidak mengalami KKM dan 22 subjek mengalami KKM. Hasil penelitian menemukan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna variabel lactate clerance pada kedua kelompok, yakni -11,72 ± 4,25 % vs 26,09 ± 9,36 %, dengan nilai p=0,000. Hubungan antara lactate clearance dengan kejadian kardioavaskular mayor selama perawatan pada pasien ADHF pada penelitian ini didapatkan nilai OR 1,16 dengan 95% CI 1,12 - 4,102 (nilai p=0,000). Kesimpulan : Lactate clearance dapat digunakan sebagai stratifikasi risiko pada pasien ADHF. Kata kunci : Lactate clearance, ADHF, stratifikasi risiko
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