Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of apexification versus revascularization in the treatment of necrotic immature teeth and determine which strategy affords the greatest radiological success rate. Methods An analysis was made of 18 teeth subjected to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) apical plugging and regenerative endodontic treatment, assessing healing of the apical lesions and the changes in root dimensions. Results Significantly greater root growth was observed with revascularization in terms of the percentage change in length (12.75% at 6 months) and dentin thickness (34.57% at 6 months) (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two treatments in terms of the apical healing scores after 6 months of follow-up (p > 0.05). Conclusion Apexification with an MTA apical plug and pulp regeneration are reliable treatments for non-vital immature teeth. The radiographic outcomes are comparable between the immature teeth subjected to MTA apexification versus those subjected to revascularization. The results of the present study indicate a greater increase in root length and width with regenerative endodontic treatment.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the main triggers of drug hypersensitivity reactions. Such reactions can be pharmacologically or immunologically mediated, but in both cases individual susceptibility can be influenced by genetic factors. Polymorphisms in centrosomal protein of 68 kDa (CEP68) have been associated with pharmacologically mediated NSAIDs reactions. Here, we evaluated this gene in immunologically mediated single-NSAID-induced urticaria/angioedema or anaphylaxis (SNIUAA) by analyzing 52 single nucleotide polymorphisms in CEP68 in 176 patients and 363 NSAIDs-tolerant controls. Two intronic variants (rs2241160 and rs2241161) were significantly associated with an increased risk of SNIUAA, suggesting CEP68 to be a key player in both types of NSAIDs hypersensitivity. However, we found no overlap with genetic variants previously associated with pharmacologically mediated hypersensitivity, pointing to a complex role for this gene and its potential use in the development of biomarkers of clinical utility to diagnose patients at risk of these reactions and to differentiate entities.