Oral curcumin likely reduces pain associated with DOMS with some evidence for enhanced recovery of muscle performance. Further study is required on mechanisms and translational effects on sport or vocational performance.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two exercise modalities for improving glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and associated clinical outcomes in Polynesian adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and visceral obesity. Twenty-six adults were randomized to receive resistance training or aerobic training, 3×/week, for 16 weeks. Dependent variables collected before and after intervention included: diabetes markers including HbA1c, blood lipids, relevant cytokines (C-reactive protein, adiponectin), and anthropometric and hemodynamic indices. Eighteen participants (72% female; age: 49.3 ± 5.3 years; waist circumference: 128.7 ± 18.7 cm) completed the intervention and follow-up assessments. Body mass index in the whole cohort at baseline indicated Class III (morbid) obesity (43.8 ± 9.5 kg/m(2)). Compliance to training was 73 ± 19 and 67 ± 18% in the aerobic and resistance training groups, respectively. HbA1c remained elevated in both groups after training. Aerobic training reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure and increased serum triglycerides (all P < 0.05). No other exercise-induced adaptations were noted within or between groups. Post hoc analysis using pooled data indicated that higher adherence to training (≥75% attendance, n = 8) significantly reduced waist circumference (P < 0.001) and tended to reduce body weight and fasting insulin (all P ≤ 0.11) versus lower adherence (<75% attendance, n = 10). In conclusion, this study did not demonstrate an improvement in HbA1c with exercise in morbidly obese Polynesian people. Future investigations involving exercise regimens that are more practicable and which involve greater frequency and duration of training may be required to induce significant and clinically meaningful adaptations in this unique diabetes population.

The current evidence suggests that exercise intervention in overweight and obese adolescents improves body composition, particularly by lowering body fat. The limited available evidence further indicates that exercise intervention may improve some cardiometabolic risk factors.

Background Ageing is associated with DNA methylation changes in all human tissues, and epigenetic markers can estimate chronological age based on DNA methylation patterns across tissues. However, the construction of the original pan‐tissue epigenetic clock did not include skeletal muscle samples and hence exhibited a strong deviation between DNA methylation and chronological age in this tissue. Methods To address this, we developed a more accurate, muscle‐specific epigenetic clock based on the genome‐wide DNA methylation data of 682 skeletal muscle samples from 12 independent datasets (18–89 years old, 22% women, 99% Caucasian), all generated with Illumina HumanMethylation (HM) arrays (HM27, HM450, or HMEPIC). We also took advantage of the large number of samples to conduct an epigenome‐wide association study of age‐associated DNA methylation patterns in skeletal muscle. Results The newly developed clock uses 200 cytosine‐phosphate–guanine dinucleotides to estimate chronological age in skeletal muscle, 16 of which are in common with the 353 cytosine‐phosphate–guanine dinucleotides of the pan‐tissue clock. The muscle clock outperformed the pan‐tissue clock, with a median error of only 4.6 years across datasets (vs. 13.1 years for the pan‐tissue clock, P < 0.0001) and an average correlation of ρ = 0.62 between actual and predicted age across datasets (vs. ρ = 0.51 for the pan‐tissue clock). Lastly, we identified 180 differentially methylated regions with age in skeletal muscle at a false discovery rate < 0.005. However, gene set enrichment analysis did not reveal any enrichment for gene ontologies. Conclusions We have developed a muscle‐specific epigenetic clock that predicts age with better accuracy than the pan‐tissue clock. We implemented the muscle clock in an r package called Muscle Epigenetic Age Test available on bioconductor to estimate epigenetic age in skeletal muscle samples. This clock may prove valuable in assessing the impact of environmental factors, such as exercise and diet, on muscle‐specific biological ageing processes.