Objectives: This study aimed to assess country-specific evidence of physical and non-physical acts of workplace violence towards nurses working in the health sector in 5 European countries, and then to identify reasons for not reporting violence experienced at work. Material and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 participating countries (Poland, the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic, Turkey, and Spain). All registered nurses working in selected healthcare settings for at least 1 year were invited to participate in the study. A questionnaire adapted from the Workplace Violence in the Health Sector Country Case Study -Questionnaire, developed jointly by the International Labour Office, the International Council of Nurses, the World Health Organization and Public Services International, was used. The selection of healthcare settings and the distribution of the questionnaire were conducted according to the recommendations of the questionnaire authors. Results: In total, 1089 nurses submitted completed questionnaires which could be included in the study. Of these, 54% stated that they had been exposed to non-physical violence and 20% had been exposed to physical violent acts. A total of 15% of the surveyed nurses experienced both forms of workplace violence. In addition, 18% of the respondents confirmed having witnessed physical violence in their workplace. The most common perpetrators were patients and patients' relatives. In about 70% of these cases, no actions were taken after the act of violence to investigate its causes. About half of the study group did not report workplace violence as they believed it was useless or not important. The most common consequences of workplace violence included being "superalert" or watchful and on guard. Conclusions: Nurses internationally are both victims of and witnesses to workplace violence. Workplace violence is often seen by nurses as an occupational hazard and, as such, it remains not reported. The first step in preventing workplace violence is not only to acknowledge its existence but also to ensure the appropriate reporting of violent acts. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2020;33(3):325-38

Aim To provide initial data regarding country‐specific evidence of workplace violence towards nurses working within the health sector in five European countries. Methods This is a descriptive and cross‐sectional pilot study, conducted in June 2016. The sample consisted of 260 nurses working in selected health care settings in five participating countries (Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Turkey, and Spain). The questionnaire used was adapted from the International Labour Office/International Council of Nurses/World Health Organisation/Public Services International Workplace Violence in the Health Sector Country Case Study—Questionnaire. Results A large number of participants confirmed that they had been physically attacked or verbally abused in the workplace in the last 12 months. In most cases, the physical and verbal abuse was inflicted by patients and to a lesser degree by relatives of patients, staff members, or managers/supervisors. In the majority of cases, no action was taken to investigate the causes of the incidents. In most cases, participants believed there was no point in reporting the incidents. However, the reasons for not reporting or discussing incidents of workplace violence varied depending on the country. Conclusion Workplace violence towards nurses is a serious problem internationally, and violence prevention strategies need to be implemented.

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El objetivo principal es conocer la percepción actual que tienen los inmigrantes de origen marroquí sobre el Sistema Nacional de Salud, en el departamento de salud de Xativa-Ontinyent. En cuanto a la metodología, se trata de un estudio cualitativo fenomenológico mediante entrevistas semi-estructuradas llevadas a cabo durante los meses de octubre de 2017 a mayo de 2018. Los resultados principales aportan que casi la totalidad de los entrevistados refiere haberse sentido discriminado/a en alguna ocasión. Según apuntan, el color de piel, el no dominar el idioma a la perfección y el hecho de ser de otro país culturalmente distinto son motivos de discriminación. En conclusión, el sistema sanitario español retrocede en cuanto a derechos humanos tras la implantación del Real Decreto Ley 16/2012, de 20 de abril, donde la asistencia gratuita y universal desaparece, quedando los más desfavorecidos y sin recursos excluidos de recibir atención sanitaria de calidad y aumentando las diferencias sociales entre personas.

Objective: To describe the impact of fibromyalgia on the state of health and quality of life of people affected by fibromyalgia (FM). Method: Literature review of studies on the quality of life related to health in people with FM, evaluated with validated instruments. Results: Thirty-one studies were analyzed, which were mainly of transversal observational design. The most affected dimensions were physical function, pain and mental state. The factors like sedentary lifestyle and physical activity were significant in this population. The prevalence of Fibromyalgia was significantly higher in women, married, with low level of education and housewives. The most used instrument to measure quality of life related to health was the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ). Conclusions: the parameters studied have allowed to assess the needs of patients and achieve a more comprehensive knowledge of the process of this disease. Keywords: fibromyalgia, quality of life, pain, rheumatic diseases.