Objective: To evaluate the features and modes of adaptation to aging among Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) enrollees.Setting: Beth Israel Medical Center in New York City.Participants: A sample of 156 MMT enrollees (103/66 percent males and 53/34 percent females) age 24-68 years. Twenty-nine percent of participants were aged 55 or older.Design: A cross-sectional, multivariate, correlational design.Outcome Measures: Participants were administered the MMSE, ASI, BSI, as well as measures of impulsiveness and quality of life (QOL).Results: Older adults were more likely to have had longer periods of treatment (p < 0.01), less likely to report current heroin use (p < 0.05) and overall drug use (p < 0.05), but were more likely to have a history of comorbid alcohol misuse (p < 0.01). Advanced age was also associated with less impulsiveness, hostility, paranoia, and interpersonal sensitivity (p < 0.01), more chronic medical problems (p < 0.05), greater use of medication for medical problems (p < 0.05), and more liberal take home medicine schedules (p < 0.01). However, no differences were found between older and younger participants with respect to their scores on the Overall Social Support scale (p > 0.05), the Personal Well-Being Index (p > 0.05) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (p > 0.05), suggesting comparable levels of QOL. Furthermore, the rate of contact for older participants with medical professionals did not differ significantly from that of younger participants (p > 0.05). Only 7.1 percent of older participants reported regular contact with a primary care physician; a rate that is slightly lower than the rate in the overall population.Conclusions: The findings from the present study highlight at least two underappreciated challenges that clinicians are increasingly likely encounter in their work with the aging MMT population. These challenges are: (1) that despite numerous medical and psychiatric complaints, only a small proportion of MMT patients have regular contact with a primary care physician and the rate of contact does not appear to increase with age and (2) even with age-related declines in psychiatric comorbidity and illicit substance use, the suboptimal level of QOL that is characteristic of the MMT population as a whole does not improve with aging and length of tenure in MMT.

~ Methadone has been used for the treatment of opioid addictions since the early nineteen-sixties. It is estimated that more than 200,000 individuals take methadone to control their opiate addiction (Blaney & Craig, 1999). Many of those individuals (~20%) have been in opioid-substitute treatment for 10 years or more (SAMHSA, 1994 about the effects of long term methadone use and its interaction with the physical, psychological and psychosocial aspects of the aging process. However, given the steady aging of the population in general and the methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) population in particular, there is a compelling need for a better understanding of the risks and benefits associated with the extended use of methadone in older adults.Beth Israel Medical Center (BIMC) has an extensive network of MMT clinics. The demographic profile of the clientele suggests that BIMC's clinics serve one of the largest populations of elderly methadone patients in the continental United States. We propose to conduct an exploratory study of BIMC's MMT population in order to document the prevalence of psychiatric, physical and psychosocial co-morbidities in the elderly members of that population (>=55 y/o). By comparing this profile with: (a) the profile of a representative sample of younger MMT patients (18-54 y/o); and (b) published prevalence data from the non-MMT, elderly population, we hope to identify areas of dysfunction and modes of adaptation that appear to be uniquely attributable to the interaction of long term methadone use and aging, and thus possible candidates for further and more extensive study.