Framework Release 3.0 Background Since the release of the last edition of the NIST Smart Grid Framework and Roadmap for Interoperability Standards (Release 2.0), 1 in February 2012, significant technological advances in smart grid infrastructure have been implemented, supported by standards development across the entire smart grid arena. Examples include widespread deployment of wirelesscommunication power meters, availability of customer energy usage data through the Green Button initiative, remote sensing for determining real-time transmission and distribution status, and protocols for electric vehicle charging. The first release of the NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards (Release 1.0) 2 was published in January 2010. Release 3.0 updates NIST's ongoing efforts to facilitate and coordinate smart grid interoperability standards development and smart grid-related measurement science and technology, including the evolving and continuing NIST relationship with the Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP) public-private partnership. Over the last decade, Congress and the Administration have outlined a vision for the smart grid and have laid the policy foundation upon which it is being built. The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) codified the policy of the United States to modernize the nation's electricity transmission and distribution system to create a smart electric grid. 3 The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) accelerated the development of smart grid technologies, investing $4.5 billion for electricity delivery and energy reliability activities to modernize the electric grid and implement demonstration and deployment programs (as authorized under Title XIII of EISA). 4 5 The president, in his 2011 and 2012 State of the Union Addresses, reiterated his vision for a clean energy economy, 6 and he underscored the Administration's commitment in the "Blueprint for a Secure Energy Future." 7

This article addresses the issues of scalable end-to-end QoS in Metropolitan DWDM networks serving as transit networks for IP access networks. DWDM o ering few wavelengths have in the past been deployed in backbone networks to upgrade point-to-point transmission where sharing is based on coarse granularity. This ty p e o f D WDM backbone networks o ering few lightpaths, provides no support for QoS services traversing the network. As DWDM networks with larger numbers of wavelengths penetrate the data-centric Metro environment, speci c IP service requirements such as priority restoration, scalability, dynamic provisioning of capacity and routes, and support for coarse-grain QoS capabilities will have to be addressed in the optical domain in order to achieve end-to-end QoS ove r a D WDM network. We propose a QoS service model in the optical domain called Di erentiated Optical Services (DoS) based on a set of optical parameters that captures the quality and reliability of the optical lightpath.

Patients below 40 years with breast cancer have tumours with a poorer prognostic profile. However, this did not translate into a poorer overall survival, and this might be attributable to more aggressive adjuvant treatment of younger patients.

Fault and attack survivability in all-optical transport networks (AOTNs) require new approaches because of unique transmission characteristics. Specijically, Jiber nonlinearities and network transparency to transmitted signal types may make the network vulnerable to unorthodox attacks. Furthermore, unlike in electronic networks that regenerate signals at every node, attack detection and isolation schemes may not have access to the overhead bits used to transport supervisory information between regenerators o r switching sites to perform their functions. This paper presents a discussion on attack scenarios and proposes a conceptual framework for modeling faults and attacks in AOTNs.

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