Introduction:Histologically, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is classified into predominantly clear cell carcinoma, papillary carcinoma (PC), chromophobe carcinoma, collecting ducts of Bellini carcinoma and Xp11 carcinoma. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate histological profile and staining patterns of RCC subtypes. Materials and Method: All cases of RCC histologically diagnosed in the pathology department of a teaching hospital in northern Nigeria in 2015 were stained using a panel of 34ẞE12, CK7, RCC-ma and CD10 antibodies. Results: Around 23 cases of RCC, at stage III, were diagnosed. Male: Female ratio was 1:1.9 with a mean age of 40±13 years. The tumors comprised of 11 (47.8%), cases of clear cell (CC) carcinoma, 7 (30.4%) cases of PC, 4 (17.4%) cases of chromophobe carcinoma and a case (4.4%) of Xp11.2associated carcinoma. Eighty-eight percent of the CC carcinomas were RCC-ma+, 63% were CD10+ while 50% were CK7+. Seventy-five percent of the PCs were RCC-ma+ and 50% were CD10+. The chromophobe (CP) and the Xp11.2-associated carcinomas were only positive for RCC-ma and CD10. All cases of PCs, chromophobe and Xp11.2 related carcinomas were negative for CK7, and all were 34ẞE12 negative. Conclusion: In contrast to populations with high incidence of RCC, our patients are predominantly female, younger, presented at higher stages and mostly presented with CC carcinoma. AbstractCitation: Akinfenwa AT, Jareenat AO, Noah DT. Histological and immunohistochemically profiles of renal cell carcinoma in northern Nigeria. Immunopathol

Medical laboratory personnel encounter diverse health and workplace-related hazards leading to severe health challenges including the ravaging SARS-CoV-2 infection, which is the causal agent of COVID-19. It was first announced in Wuhan, China in December 2019 but started to spread globally by late January 2020. COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent global spreading poses additional danger to healthcare personnel particularly the laboratorians. Other health practitioners may engage patients by observing social / physical distancing, but how laboratory staff observe or apply same rule to infectious samples remain a notable question. Activities of laboratorians result in repeated exposure at close interactions to patient’s samples including SARS-CoV-2 infected specimens, which make them susceptible to COVID-19. Therefore, it is imperative to review mitigating measures in restraining possible exposure and spreading of SARS-CoV-2 in the best interest of laboratory staff and pathologists. It is against this backdrop that this paper intends to update readers on measures to restrain SARS-CoV-2 invasion in histopathology laboratory and deduce precautionary measures for observation by healthcare providers in COVID-19 era. Also discussed, is health hazards associated with histopathology laboratory with the objective of encouraging safety consciousness and safe laboratory practices in the face of COVID-19 pandemic.