Coronaviruses have become a global health threat over the past two decades as their geographical spread has accelerated. Coronavirus disease 2019, also known as COVID-19, is the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 The epidemic caused by (SARS-CoV-2). The first known case was confirmed in Wuhan, China in December 2019, where he has caused two pandemics in the past. Severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome are followed by the current COVID-19 outbreak in China. The virus originates from a zoonotic source and is spread by direct and contact transmission. Symptoms range from fever to cough, muscle aches to severe respiratory failure. Diagnosis is confirmed by reverse transcriptase-PCR. Treatment of COVID-19 consists primarily of supportive care and mechanical ventilation in critical cases. Prevention strategies, along with successful disease isolation and community containment, play an important role in reducing the spread of the virus among the public. A vaccine has been developed to clear the virus from its host, but it is not yet known whether the vaccine works against the virus's newest subspecies, the Omicron subspecies. This review summarizes the most recent research advances in structure, epidemiology, and etiology. We also focused on mutational patterns, an important feature of viral virology, and examined existing variants, especially its omicron variant. The clinical features of COVID-19, current treatments, and scientific advances to combat the epidemic novel coronavirus were discussed.