We consider AR(q) models in time series with non-normal innovations represented by a member of a wide family of symmetric distributions (Student's t).Since the ML (maximum likelihood) estimators are intractable, we derive the MML (modi®ed maximum likelihood) estimators of the parameters and show that they are remarkably ef®cient. We use these estimators for hypothesis testing, and show that the resulting tests are robust and powerful.

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These data suggest that decreases in plasma free-VEGF levels are greater after treatment with aflibercept or bevacizumab compared with ranibizumab at 4 weeks. At 52 and 104 weeks, a greater decrease was observed in bevacizumab versus ranibizumab. Results from 2 subgroups of participants who did not receive injections within at least 1 month and 2 months before collection suggest similar changes in VEGF levels after stopping injections. It is unknown whether VEGF levels return to normal as the drug is cleared from the system or whether the presence of the drug affects the assay's ability to accurately measure free VEGF. No significant associations between VEGF concentration and systemic factors were noted.