Abstract.Over the last few decades, the island of Madeira has become an important offshore tourism and business center, with rapid economic and demographic development that has caused changes to the landscape due to human activity. In Madeira's recent history, there has been an increase over time in the frequency of occurrence of damaging landslide and flood events. As a result, the costs of restoration work due to damage caused by landslide and flood events have become a larger and larger component of Madeira's annual budget. Landslides and floods in Madeira deserve particular attention because they represent the most serious hazard to human life, to property, and to the natural environment and its important heritage value.The work reported on in this paper involved the analysis of historical data regarding damaging landslide and flood events on Madeira (in particular from 1941 to 1991) together with data on geological characteristics, topographic features, and climate, and from field observations. This analysis showed that the main factor triggering the occurrence of damaging landslide and flood events is rainfall, but that the increase in the number of damaging events recorded on Madeira Island, especially in recent times, seems to be related mostly to human activity, specifically to economic development and population growth, rather than to natural factors.

UDC 911.2:551.435.8:523.43 Davide Baioni, Nadja Zupan Hajna & Forese Carlo Wezel: Karst landforms in a Martian Evaporitic Dome e Tithonium Chasma is the northern trench of the western troughs of Valles Marineris (Mars). In the eastern part of the canyon system a mountain displaying a dome shape morphology is located. According to OMEGA mineralogical data (OMEGA data orbit 531_3) and further studies the dome appears to consist of magnesium sulphate (kieserite), an evaporitic mineral also found on the Earth. Previous works highlighted the presence of karst-like landforms and morphologies that strongly resemble the evaporitic karst morphologies found on the Earth. rough the analysis of the new MRO HiRISE images we have investigated the Martian landform and the possible processes involved in their formation and shaping in great detail. e analysis carried out show that the landforms observed clearly indicate the presence of solutional processes that also acted in a selective way, highlighting that the Martian dome can be formed of di erent materials (minerals, grain-size, ect.) with di erent solutional properties. e results of our observation also suggest that on the dome liquid water must have existed in the past for enough time so that the solution features we investigated could be formed. Keywords: Mars, kieserite, dissolution, karst features. (Mars). V njegovem vzhodnem delu leži gora, ki kaže značilno kupolasto obliko dome. Mineraloški podatki pridobljeni z OMEGA spektrometrom (podatki OMEGA orbit 531_3) in nadaljnje študije kažejo, da doma sestoji iz magnezijevega sulfata (kizerit), evaporitnega minerala, ki ga najdemo tudi na Zemlji. Predhodne raziskave dome poudarjajo prisotnost krasu podobnih oblik in oblik, močno podobnim oblikam evaporitnega krasa na Zemlji. Z analizami novih posnetkov MRO HiRISE smo raziskovali izbrano Marsovo površino in predvideli možne procese, ki bi lahko imeli pomembno vlogo pri njenem nastanku in oblikovanju. Opravljene analize so potrdile, da opazovane oblike površja jasno nakazujejo prisotnost procesov raztapljanja. Iz oblik se da sklepati tudi na prisotnost selektivne korozije, ki pa tudi nakazuje, da doma sestoji iz različnih materialov (minerali, zrnavost, itd.), ki se drugače obnašajo pri raztapljanju. Rezultati naših opazovanj tudi nakazujejo, da je na domi nekoč morala obstajati tekoča voda in to dovolj časa, da so korozijske oblike lahko nastale. Izvleček

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Kraške oblike na plastnatih usedlinah v Coprates Chasmi, Mars Coprates Chasma tvori del osrednjega dela sistema kanjonov Valles Marineris. V njenem najzahodnejšem delu, na dnu pod severno steno, se nahaja gmota plastnatega materiala, ki kaže značilno morfologijo dome. Mineralna sestava dome in njene okolice je bila določena z analizami CRISM (Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars) podatkov (image HRL00003752). Na analizirani enoti je jasen zapis kizerita, to je evaporitnega minerala, ki ga najdemo tudi na Zemlji. Z analizami MRO HiRISE (Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment images) smo preiskovali površinske oblike na domi in možne procese, ki so bili vpleteni v njihov nastanek in oblikovanje. Analize so pokazale, da opazovane oblike jasno kažejo na prisotnost procesov raztapljanja, ki so tudi oblikovale tam prisotne kraške oblike. Rezultati naših opazovanj tudi nakazujejo, da je na površju dome v preteklosti morala obstajati tekoča voda in to zadosti dolgo, da so lahko nastale korozijske oblike; ter da preiskovane kraške oblike kažejo starejše erozijske starosti ali krajši čas delovanja vode, kot enake oblike, ki so bile preiskovane na podobni kizeritni domi v Tithonium Chasmi, drugem jarku sistema Vales Marineris.