Abstract:The work deals with analysis of problems with the drawing a state border along the River Psou Section. The problem is difficult to solute due to the modern complex geopolitical situation in the Caucasus region, wrong decisions of the past and historical documents and cartographic sources with the inadequately shown reality. One of the major hampering factors is the state practice of territorial spacing of the former Soviet republics implying giving the state borders of a country having lost its independence a status of administrative borders. The main purpose of the study is to give the geographical-cartometry analysis of the historical transformations of the River Psou section of the Georgian state border. A lot of various cartographic sources, governmental Resolutions, historical and statistical data also were used as the basis of the study. Different factors as one of the main factors determining the historical change of this section of state border are discussed in the paper. The research was conducted in different main directions: the evaluation of historical transformations of state border throughout of XIX-XX centuries and in modern times, factors hampering the regulation of the state border, issue of the territorial belonging of village Aibga, etc. In order to study these issues have used different methods as well as GIS-technologies. The main results of research are determination of some issues connected with state border along the river Psou section: 1) the frequency of historical transformations; (2) the major factors causing this historical transformations; (3) incompliance between the existing cartographic sources and governmental resolutions in relation to the registration of all five districts of village Aibga, (4) the facts of incorrect depiction of the territorial belonging of the river Psou section in the XX-century scientific and statistical sources.

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This article describes the economic situation, particularly the tradition of Georgian farming culture, in southwestern part of Georgia, concurred by the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century and called Gurjistan Vilayet by the Ottomans. Gurjistan Vilayet covered a significant area of southwestern Georgia, with only a tiny part being a part of Georgia and the remained territory being a part of the Republic of Turkey, the legal successor of the Ottoman Empire. The study is mainly based on the Grand Defter of Gurjistan Vilayet. In the study's course, the geographical objects (villages, sites of ancient villages, sowing areas, etc.) given by the Defter were identified, systematized, and classified and a GIS database and relevant maps were developed. The objects plotted on the map were identified by comparing with other sources used to identify the types and amounts of taxes set by the Ottoman for the population, group them thematically, and draw a picture of the region's economic potential. It was found that the Georgian economic tradition was solid and sustainably profitable, but the Ottoman ideological press had a particular effect on it.