Background This study aimed to compare the bond strength of orthodontic brackets onto the tooth enamel of 120 freshly extracted adult bovine medial lower incisors using 4 adhesives: a resin-modified glass ionomer adhesive, a composite adhesive, a liquid composite adhesive, and a one-step light-cured adhesive. Material/Methods The study group (120 freshly extracted bovine medial lower incisors) was divided into equal subgroups depending on the type of adhesive used to fix the brackets to the tooth enamel (n=30), and then according to the observation time (n=10). Orthodontic brackets were fixed onto the tooth enamel for 24 hours (T1), 3 months (T2), and 6 months (T3) using 4 types of adhesives: resin-modified glass ionomer adhesive Fuji Ortho LC, composite adhesive Transbond Plus Light Cure Band, flowable composite adhesive Transbond Supreme Low Viscosity, and a one-step light-cured adhesive GC Ortho Connect. Shear tests and fracture plane analyses were performed. Results Statistically significant differences at time T1 were noted in the comparison of shear stress values when brackets were fixed with GC Ortho Connect adhesive compared to other adhesives ( P <0.05), except for the Transbond Plus adhesive ( P >0.05). At time T3, significant statistical differences occurred between GC Fuji Ortho LC and the other 3 adhesives ( P <0.05). The fracture analysis showed that, regardless of the time function, adhesive-cohesive fractures without damage to the enamel were the most common for all the assessed materials. Conclusions Of the adhesives evaluated, GC Ortho Connect appears to be the most appropriate choice for bonding orthodontic brackets to the enamel surface.

Lower back pain (LBP) is an extremely common symptom experienced by people of all ages and is also one of the most frequent causes of disability worldwide. This article aims to review the presentation, diagnosis, and management of lower back pain associated with spinal stenosis. The paper we prepared was classified as a "literature narrative review." Nonetheless, when searching for manuscripts included in our work and reviewing them critically, we concentrated on the keywords: "lower back pain", "lumbar spine stenosis", "diagnostic", "rehabilitation", "neurosurgery", "spine", and "elderly". The incidence of chronic lower back pain (CLBP) increases linearly starting with the third decade of life until 60 years old, and it more often affects women. The course of non-specific LBP above all depends on factors not connected with the spine, which include psychological, behavioral, and social factors, determined by the way the condition is perceived by the patient the environment. Lumbar spine stenosis (LSS) is an age-related process of degeneration of the intervertebral discs, ligamentum flavum, and facet joints, which results in narrowing of the space around the neurovascular structures of the spine. Diagnosis of spinal pain syndromes includes radiography (RTG), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Based on the results of imaging studies, neurological examination, and the severity of the disease, treatment can consist of analgesics and rehabilitation, or, when conservative methods are insufficient, surgical treatment is indicated.

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Introduction: Tuberculum sellae meningiomas (TSM) represent 5-10% of all intracranial meningiomas. Tumours are located on tuberculum sellae or chiasmatic sulcus of the sphenoid bone. These suprasellar lesions often displace the optic nerves causing visual impairment that is commonly the presenting symptom. Tuberculum sellae meningiomas are traditionally operated by transcranial approach. There is an alternative method to remove tumours of anterior skull base by using endoscopic transnasal surgery. Methods: In this article we describe a case of the patient with tuberculum sellae meningioma. Results: 63-year old women was diagnosed due to a headache, facial sensation defects on the right and peripheral vision loss. Ophthalmology examination showed bitemporal vision loss up to 10-15%. Using magnetic resonance imaging scan the tumour of diameter 8.1x8.0mm was located in tuberculum sellae. The endoscopic transsphenoidal operation was made confirming diagnosis of meningioma. In postoperative period the symptoms was almost completely minimalized. Conclusion: The treatment of choice for tuberculum sellae meningiomas is a surgery. Neurosurgeons have two options to remove the tumour: by transcranial approaches or via endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery with rhinologist. The decision of the optimal surgical technique should be individually made. Knowing possible complications during endoscopic approach, the benefits prevail. Cerebrospinal fluid leak is still challenging but using nasoseptal flap (Hadad’s flap) makes reconstruction easier. Recovery is quicker and postoperative results are promising.