Many people in diverse roles contribute to the success of animal welfare and research outcomes in laboratory animal research programs. These personnel include but are not limited to animal care and veterinary staff, researchers and their teams, facility management support, IACUC and compliance members, institutional officials, board members, vendors, security personnel, administrative staff, and all others involved in laboratory animal science programs. Any of these persons are potentially vulnerable to the moral stressors innate to working with animals in research, teaching, and testing. Moral stress occurs when one is aware of the ethical principles at stake, but external factors prevent action. 11 This situation can happen in any profession. 25 An example in our industry is the performance of euthanasia. This activity is considered moral stress and is regarded as one of the most significant contributors to the development of compassion fatigue. 11 Although it is difficult to identify a specific definition of compassion fatigue across professions, it can be described as "the reduced capacity in being empathetic and the consequent behaviors and emotions resulting from knowing about a traumatizing event experienced or suffered by a person" 20 and is characterized by deep physical and emotional exhaustion. 15 Compassion fatigue results in reduced empathy for others (coworkers and loved ones) and can diminish the quality of medical care delivered to animals. The term "compassion fatigue" has been used interchangeably with the terms 'burnout' and 'secondary traumatic stress,' but there are slight variations in their inherent meanings. Burnout is a cumulative process associated with increased workload and institutional stress 1 and is not necessarily due to trauma. 11,16 Secondary traumatic stress (also called vicarious trauma) can occur even when a traumatizing event is not directly experienced by a person, but simply by hearing about a traumatizing event
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