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Methods: HEI-OC1 and KELLY neuroblastoma cells were treated with CDDP (100μM), capsaicin(5μM) and capsaicin (5μM)-CDDP (100μM) at 24 h. Cell viability and apoptotic cell death evaluated by WST-1 and annexin-V/PI flow cytometric analysis. DNA-damage related gene expressions were evaluated by Real-time PCR array (Bio-Rad) in cochlear cells.Results: Capsaicin did not alter cell viability of HEI-OC1 and KELLY. CDDP reduced the viability of HEI-OC1 (46%) and KELLY cells (74%). Combined treatment of capsaicin (5μM)-CDDP (100μM) resulted in a marked decrease in KELLY (16%) cells. Moreover cell viability in HEI-OC1 (80%) cells were increased. Capsaicin alone induced apoptotic cell death of KELLY cells while it did not induce apoptosis in HEI-OC1 cells. CDDP alone and capsaicin-CDDP combinations increased the apoptotic cell death at same ratios in HEI-OC1 cells. In KELLY cells, capsaicin-CDDP combinations induced apoptotic cell death more than CDDP alone. Capsaicin-CDDP induced Fancg, Mif, Mlh3 DNA repair related gene expressions in cochlear cells when compared to CDDP. Bax, Parp2, Pms2, Rad51, Sumo1 and Trp53 (apoptotic and DNA repair) gene expressions were decreased with capsaicin-CDDP combinations while increased in CDDP alone. Expression of Cdc25c was increased with capsaicin-CDDP while decreased with CDDP alone.Conclusion: This study showed that capsaicin increased CDDP induced neuroblastoma cell death while cochlear cells viability was increased. Capsaicin might be nontumor interfering protective agent and the effects must be shown by further studies.Learning Objectives: Congenital cholesteatoma surgical technique preserving intact tympanic structures.

Learning Objectives: -Understanding the importance of binaural hearing -Balancing risk and chances of hearing aids/ other supportive technology vs. hearing prosthesisInvolvement of the family and non-medical professions for optimal resultsIntroduction: Unilateral hearing impairment in children may be the result of several different etiologies including cochlear nerve aplasia, loss of cochlear function and dysplasia of the middle ear or the outer ear canal. All children usually exhibit regular speech development patterns and show unremarkable clinical symptoms or none at all during early development. Nevertheless, the question of hearing rehabilitation needs to be answered in the face of the clinical complex.Methods: Different strategies of hearing rehabilitation ranging from cochlear implant, conventional hearing aids, implantable hearing aids and supportive measures like FMtransceivers or CROS will be discussed case by case. Results:As the major factor in child development is signal-tonoise-ratio (SNR), emphasis must be put on true binaural rehabilitation. Addressability out of the direction of the hearing impairment is a secondary problem and has to be weighed carefully against a decrease of SNR resulting from unwanted transmission of noise. This may be one of the reasons why children usually don't go for CROS-systems in the first place. Transand epidermal BAHS as well as active implants provide solutions with diverse invasivity and handling -all surpassing a soft-band approach. CI may yield benefits for children with sensorineural hearing loss. Low SNR can be ameliorated in defined circumstances (i.e. educational) by using FM-transceivers.Conclusions: Binaural rehabilitation is preferred to unilateral or pseudo-binaural hearing -mostly as a consequence of the increase in SNR. Family and the surrounding infrastructure have to be counseled extensively, as the benefit of the hearing system may not be apparent in a young child. Imaging of children with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss Presenting Author: Eveline Ban Beeck CalkoenEveline Ban Beeck Calkoen, Erik Hensen VU medical center Learning Objectives: CTandMRimaging are complementary imaging options. Simultaneous dual modality imaging has no additional diagnostic value over sequential diagnostics. We therefore propose a stepwise radiological workup.Introduction: To evaluate the clinically relevant abnormalities as visualized on CT and MR imaging in children with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (USNHL), and the association with age and severity of hearing loss.Methods: From January 2006 until January 2016, a total of 102 children diagnosed with USNHL were included in this study. They underwent CT and/or MR imaging for the evaluation of the etiology of their hearing loss.Results: Causative abnormalities were identified in 49% of the children with USNHL. Overall, deformities of the labyrinth were the most prevalent abnormality (30%), predominantly identified by CT (20%). MR imaging outperformed CT regarding abnormalities of the cochlear nerve (7 vs. 2 ...