This article is the result of a research that aims to analyze the pedagogical practices of teachers and in particular to investigate the presence and promotion of mathematical processes proposed by the Ministry of National Education of Colombia. This report focuses on the process of formulating and solving mathematical problems, considering all aspects of pedagogical practices framed in the teaching framework such as planning and preparation of classes, learning environments, learning strategies and professional responsibilities. Each of these is considered a fundamental pillar for the process of self-reflection and improvement of teachers in the classroom. As for the adopted methodology, it adjusts to the characteristics of the quantitative approach, at a descriptive level with a field design. The members of the sample are a group of 80 teachers who work in public or private institutions in Cúcuta and its metropolitan area. A questionnaire was applied that has been validated and consists of 9 items that correspond to the problem-solving process and 34 items correspond to the block of pedagogical practices that are evaluated using a five-level Likert scale. The results found allow us to highlight that 83.6% of the teachers’ state that when planning their classes, they pose problem situations using different types of support and identifying what their students are expected to learn. Based on the analysis of pedagogical practices, it is intended to answer in future research the questions: What is the mathematical process that teachers promote in the classroom? What aspects do teachers take into account when planning the class with respect to the mathematical processes. These concerns arise as a complement to the result of this research, since it is of the utmost importance that the teacher potentiates each of the mathematical processes.

This article is part of a macro research project entitled Influence of the affective domain, the mathematical processes and the pedagogical practice of the teacher of Basic Education in the academic performance of the student. This is a qualitative type of work with a descriptive and documentary approach, prepared by students belonging to the SIEM nursery, with the purpose of making a bibliographic review of the different investigations and theoretical contributions that have been made around this topic, obtaining a clear overview and broad on the object of study. Taking as a starting point the bibliographic review of 32 research articles that have been published in the last three decades, among which are books, articles from indexed journals, as well as undergraduate, master's and doctoral studies. For the bibliographic review, several stages were taken into account: search of antecedents for each construct, compilation of antecedents, selection of representative information, categorization of each of the constructs and systematization. The results obtained allowed to support the theoretical and epistemological foundations of each of the constructs that will later become part of the theoretical framework of the advanced research.