Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a class of non-coding RNAs that play a vital role in modulating gene expression and several pathological responses. However, the expression profile and function of circRNAs in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remain unknown. In the current study, we investigated the expression profile of human circRNAs in TNBC tissues and identified circEPSTI1 (hsa_ circRNA_000479) as a significantly upregulated circRNA.Methods: We performed circular RNA microarray assays to screen circular RNA expression profiles of TNBC and further investigated circEPSTI1. We observed the effect of circEPSTI1 on proliferation, clonal formation and apoptosis in TNBC by knocking downcircEPSTI1 in three TNBC cell lines. Based on the MRE analysis and luciferase reporter assay, we found that circEPSTI1 binds to miRNAs as a miRNA sponge and the co-target genes of miRNAs. We performed xenograft experiments in mice to confirm our findings. We evaluated circEPSTI1 levels in 240 TNBC patients by ISH.Results: Knockdown of circEPSTI1 inhibits TNBC cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that circEPSTI1 binds to miR-4753 and miR-6809 as a miRNA sponge to regulate BCL11A expression and affect TNBC proliferation and apoptosis. High levels of circEPSTI1 correlate with reduced survival in TNBC patients.Conclusions: The circEPSTI1-miR-4753/6809-BCL11A axis affect the proliferation and apoptosis of triple-negative breast cancer through the mechanism of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA). In addition, our results identify circEPSTI1 as an independent prognostic marker for survival in patients with TNBC.
We present a comprehensive black-hole event generator, BlackMax, which simulates the experimental signatures of microscopic and Planckian black-hole production and evolution at the LHC in the context of brane world models with low-scale quantum gravity. The generator is based on phenomenologically realistic models free of serious problems that plague low-scale gravity, thus offering more realistic predictions for hadron-hadron colliders. The generator includes all of the black-hole gray-body factors known to date and incorporates the effects of black-hole rotation, splitting between the fermions, non-zero brane tension and black-hole recoil due to Hawking radiation (although not all simultaneously).The generator can be interfaced with Herwig and Pythia.The main code can be downloaded from [1].PACS numbers: 04.50.Gh, 04.70.Dy 1 Although if the black-hole carries gauge charge it will be prevented from leaving the brane. 2 although not necessarily simultaneously 3 Except in the one case of the graviton gray-body factor for a rotating black-hole, where the calculation has yet to be achieved.
Rare red‐fluorescent fluorene derivatives have been designed and synthesized. The long‐wavelength red fluorescence is achieved by incorporating a di(4‐tolyl)amino or diphenylamino electron donor and a dicyanovinyl electron acceptor. The single‐crystal X‐ray structures of the di(4‐tolyl)amino (pTSPDCV) and diphenylamino (PhSPDCV) compounds indicate only weak non‐π van der Waals contacts in addition to long‐distance dipole–dipole interactions of the red‐emitting fluorene molecules in the solid state. The aggregation of the dipolar fluorene is largely suppressed by introducing bulky 9,9‐substituents (spiro‐fused bifluorene) as well as a non‐planar di(4‐tolyl)amino or diphenylamino group. In the solid state, these fluorene derivatives all show red fluorescence that is much brighter than with the red dopants Nile Red and DCM (4‐(dicyanomethylene)‐2‐methyl‐6‐[4‐(dimethylaminostyryl)‐4H‐pyran]). The unique photophysical properties of red‐emitting fluorene derivatives differ from other known red dopants and facilitate the fabrication of non‐doped red organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Authentic red (CIE, x = 0.65, y = 0.35) electroluminescence with a brightness of more than 12 000 cd m–2 (greater than 600 cd m–2 at 20 mA cm–2) and a remarkable external quantum efficiency as high as 3.6 % have been observed for the red‐emitting OLEDs with pTSPDCV or PhSPDCV as the sole emitting host.
If a wormhole smoothly connects two different spacetimes, then the flux cannot be separately conserved in any of these spaces individually. Then objects propagating in a vicinity of a wormhole in one space must feel influence of objects propagating in the other space. We show this in the cases of the scalar, electromagnetic, and gravitational field. The case of gravity is perhaps the most interesting. Namely, by studying the orbits of stars around the black hole at the center of our galaxy, we could soon tell if this black hole harbors a traversable wormhole. In particular, with a near future acceleration precision of 10 −6 m/s 2 , a few solar masses star orbiting around Sgr A* on the other side of the wormhole at the distance of a few gravitational radii would leave detectable imprint on the orbit of the S2 star on our side. Alternatively, one can expect the same effect in black hole binary systems, or a black hole -star binary systems. Another result that we find very interesting is that gravity can leak even through the non-traversable wormhole.
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