25Agricultural management should consider multiple services and stakeholders. Yet, 26 it remains unclear how to guarantee the provision of ecosystem services that 27 reaches stakeholders' demands, especially considering the observed biodiversity 28 decline and the current global change predictions that may affect food security. 29Here, we use a model to examine how landscape compositionfraction of semi-30 natural habitat (SNH)affects biodiversity and crop production services in 31 intensively-managed agricultural systems. We analyse three groups of 32 stakeholders assumed to value different ecosystem services mostindividual 33 farmers (crop yield per area), agricultural unions (landscape production) and 34 conservationists (biodiversity). We find that trade-offs among stakeholders' 35 demands strongly depend on the degree of pollination dependence of crops, the 36 strength of environmental and demographic stochasticity, and the relative amount 37 of an ecosystem service demanded by each stakeholder, i.e. function thresholds. 38Intermediate amounts of SNH can allow for the delivery of relatively high levels 39of the three ecosystem services. Our analysis further suggests that the current 40 levels of SNH protection lie below these intermediate amounts of SNH in 41 intensively-managed agricultural landscapes. Given the worldwide trends in 42 agriculture and global change, these results suggest ways of managing landscapes 43 to reconcile the demands of several actors and ensure for biodiversity conservation 44 and food production. 45 46 47

Natural habitat loss and fragmentation generate a time-delayed loss of species and associated ecosystem services. Since social-ecological systems (SESs) depend on a range of ecosystem services, lagged ecological dynamics may affect their long-term sustainability. Here, we investigate the role of consumption changes in sustainability enforcement, under a time-delayed ecological feedback on agricultural production. We use a stylized model that couples the dynamics of biodiversity, technology, human demography and compliance to a social norm prescribing sustainable consumption. Compliance to the sustainable norm reduces both the consumption footprint and the vulnerability of SESs to transient overshoot-and-collapse population crises. We show that the timing and interaction between social, demographic and ecological feedbacks govern the transient and long-term dynamics of the system. A sufficient level of social pressure (e.g. disapproval) applied on the unsustainable consumers leads to the stable coexistence of unsustainable and sustainable or mixed equilibria, where both defectors and conformers coexist. Under bistability conditions, increasing time delays reduces the basin of attraction of the mixed equilibrium, thus resulting in abrupt regime shifts towards unsustainable pathways. Given recent evidence of large ecological relaxation rates, such results call for farsightedness and a better understanding of lag effects when studying the sustainability of coupled SESs.