Alcohol use by middle school students is a significant national problem with serious consequences. In response to district-wide survey data identifying high rates of drinking at the middle school level, this case study gathered information from students in the suburban district's two middle schools about the use of alcohol among their peers and their understanding of factors contributing to drinking. While the study establishes the complexity of the problem with roots in family, school, and society, consistent with other research, it emphasizes the importance of the school context and suggests proactive and protective leadership strategies that would meet students' socio-emotional needs, support student engagement, and reduce alcohol use.