Hematospermia is an anxiety-provoking sign that is usually due to inflammatory or infectious causes. Recurrent or symptomatic hematospermia may herald more serious underlying pathology, especially in those patients over 40 years old. A thorough evaluation is warranted to both rule out more serious pathology and to adequately address patient anxiety. With modern imaging techniques, the number of "idiopathic" cases should be much lower than historically reported.

BackgroundPrevention of bladder cancer recurrence is a central challenge in the management of this highly prevalent disease. The histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid (sodium valproate) has anti-angiogenic properties and has been shown to decrease bladder cancer growth in model systems. We have previously shown reduced expression of thrombospondin-1 in a mouse model and in human bladder cancer relative to normal urothelium. We speculated that inhibition of angiogenesis by valproate might be mediated by this anti-angiogenic protein.MethodsBladder cancer cell lines UMUC3 and T24 were treated with valproate or another histone deacetylase inhibitor, vorinostat, in culture for a period of three days. Proliferation was assessed by alamar blue reduction. Gene expression was evaluated by reverse transcription of RNA and quantitative PCR.ResultsProliferation assays showed treatment with valproate or vorinostat decreased proliferation in both cell lines. Histone deacetylase inhibition also increased relative expression of thrombospondin-1 up to 8 fold at 5 mM valproate.ConclusionsHistone deacetylase inhibitors warrant further study for the prevention or treatment of bladder cancer.

Administration of an intramuscular narcotic combined with oral analgesic and topical lidocaine provided adequate pain control for transurethral needle ablation of the prostate, making it a feasible office procedure.

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