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A thermodynamic consistency test based on the "local area" test is developed which permits analysis of vapor-liquid equilibrium data in terms of measurement uncertainties in the independent variables. The effect of random measurement errors on the consistency test and on the uncertainty in the activity coefficients is illustrated. Uncertainty in the measurement of liquid composition may cause large uncertainty in the activity coefficients but be difficult to detect by means of consistency test. Comparing the test results to the null value is shown to be of less value than comparison with the bounds of a confidence region.

Numerical solutions for first-order chemical reaction and simultaneous development of the parabolic velocity distribution are presented for the cases of homogeneous reaction and reaction catalyzed on the tube wall. The approximate solution of Langhaar for the entrance velocity profiles is employed to provide the velocity data for numerical solution of the component material balance. It is shown that the effect of the entrance region on conversion depends on the value of dimensionless groups K = kra'//v for homogeneous reaction and K, = k,ro/v for wall-catalyzed reaction. Results of the numerical solutions show that the entrance effect is negligible for most practical purposes if K or K , has a value less than 4. HE analysis of laminar-flow tubular chemical reactors has

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