Plagiarists, enthusiasts and periodical geography: A.F. B€ usching and the making of geographical print culture in the German Enlightenment, c.1750-1800 Dean W BondThis article contributes to recent scholarship on the geography and history of the book by arguing for greater attention to 'periodical geography', which refers to the geographical knowledge contained in periodicals, and the geographies that shaped the ways periodicals were produced, circulated and read. To illustrate the potential for such work, the article discusses geographical periodicals in the context of the German Aufkl€ arung (Enlightenment). It focuses in particular on the W€ ochentliche Nachrichten von neuen Landcharten und geographischen, statistischen und historischen B€ uchern und Schriften (Berlin 1773-87), edited by the prominent geographer Anton Friedrich B€ usching. The story of B€ usching's periodical merits attention because it throws valuable light on the practical making of geography's print culture and moral economy of knowledge in the Enlightenment. B€ usching's story reveals that there were competing geographies of trust, authority and credibility at work within Enlightenment geography. It reveals that B€ usching's periodical played a central role in reshaping geography's moral and epistemological order in the later 18th century. In recounting this story, my broader agenda is to argue that the very periodicity and materiality of periodicals transformed the character of geographical print culture in the later 18th century.

This paper sketches out the contours of the philosopher G W F Hegel's geographical thought. Until now, geographers have shown little interest in Hegel's geographical writing. He has figured minimally in histories of geography, and critical geographers who have engaged with Hegel have done so indirectly, either through Karl Marx's work or through Marxist and postcolonial scholars' readings of Hegel. This paper offers a more direct reading. It begins from an understanding of geographical thought as both an intellectual and a practical endeavor with its own distinct historical geographies. It examines Hegel's concepts of 'nature' (Natur) and 'space' (Raum); his understanding of geography's relationship to history and anthropology; his relationship to Carl Ritter and Alexander von Humboldt; and the significance of 'territory' in his polidcal philosophy. It highlights the ambiguity that characterized Hegel's thinking about geography, especially in his discussion of climate's infiuence on humans. It also challenges Henri Lefebvre's reading of Hegel's view on the state's relationship to territory. Finally, it suggests that Hegel's conceptions of nature, space, and geography mattered not only for his phüosopbies of history, nature, and subjective spirit, but for his understanding of modernity's geographies as well.

No abstract

This essay explains the emergence of a new era in global science and politics through increasing scientific nationalism in the years leading up to World War I. Based upon original archival research, we examine how the cultural geopolitics of international scientific jubilees triggered a major change in the self-representation of Prussian and non-Prussian German universities from delivering individual congratulatory addresses to the demonstration of unity through one joint address and present. The analysis focuses on the first centenary of the Royal Frederick University in Kristiania and the quincentenary of the University of St Andrews, both held in 1911, before discussing how all 21 German universities agreed to convey their felicitations with one voice—as Universitates Germaniae —and one address—an inscribed bronze votive tablet—to the Royal Society in London on the occasion of its 250th anniversary as a chartered institution in 1912. We argue that in the context of growing imperial and economic rivalry between European nation-states, the politicization of these jubilees reinforced scientific nationalism and encouraged a unified appearance of German universities overseas, no less than 41 years after the constitution of the German Empire. By analysing changing material, practical, and imaginative resource ensembles in science and politics, we reveal how the geographical imagination of national unity materialized in the German universities’ use of bronze tablets for conveying academic appreciation and geopolitical messages in London, and at the Groningen tercentenary in 1914, and thereby heralded a new era characterized by a national university system, an escalation of scientific nationalism, and global wars.

Travel and exploration are themes that have long captured the attention of scholars from various fields. Travel narratives in particular have received much attention from literary scholars and cultural historians working in a postcolonial vein. Such studies have often aimed