<p>This study chitosan membranes were made by phase inversion method by adding rice husk ash silica additives to the casting solution. This study aims to create and evaluate the characteristics of chitosan-silica rice husk ash membranes for application in reducing Cu heavy metals. Chitosan membrane modification is needed to produce membranes with better character, for example increasing membrane stability, reducing pore size so that the separation of molecules or rejection of macromolecules from a membrane solution is more effective. The concentration of chitosan-silica rice husk ash was varied at 20, 19, 17 and 15 (% by weight). The resulting membrane was further characterized for morphological structure parameters by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Flux and solution rejection using dead-end filtration modules. The SEM test results show that the membrane has pores with asymmetric structures. Membrane performance test on Cu metal has a rejection value of 38%, 39%, 46% and 62% with flux gain reaching 0.4135 to 15.4377 L / hr.</p>

The metal remittance in this review is Fe metal, since Fe is one of the metals that is generally contained in water. Whenever devoured water containing Fe that surpasses the limit, it will be awful for wellbeing. The purpose for this research was to portray the biosorbent of snail shell powder and to test the presentation of the biosorbent in the retention of substantial metal iron (Fe). From the aftereffects of the FTIR test, it is assessed that there has been an adjustment of chitin to chitosan. The chitosan spectra acquired showed the presence of a retention band at a wave number of 3066 cm-1 because of the extending vibration of the - Goodness bunch. while for the portrayal utilizing SEM, the molecule size of the biosorbent has different sizes, to be specific with a size scope of 2.16 - 3.44 m to 2.54 - 12.12µm. The development of a coral-like surface is the most definitive factor in the partition of the weighty metal retention interaction of Fe. The computation of the viability esteem showed that the adequacy of snail shell powder in engrossing 10 ppm Fe metal was at a mass of 20 g with a mixing season of 30 minutes, which was 99.2%.