1D phosphorene nanoribbon edges activating water molecules under sunlight.

It is shown that the asymptotic evolution of finite-amplitude magnetosonic waves propagating obliquely to an external uniform magnetic field in a warm homogeneous plasma is governed by a Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation having an extra dispersive term. The dispersion is provided by finite-Larmor-radius (FLR) effects in the momentum equation and by the Hall-current and electron-pressure corrections in the generalized Ohm's law. A double-layer-type solution of the equation is obtained, and the equation is shown to reduce to a KdV–Burgers equation under certain assumptions.

A modified Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation is derived for ion-acoustic waves in a multispecies plasma consisting of non-isothermal electrons. This equation is used to investigate the stability of modified KdV solitons against long-wavelength plane-wave perturbation using the small-k perturbation expansion method of Rowlands and Infeld. It is found that modified KdV solitons are stable.

Using first principles calculations, we have presented a short study on modulation of band structures and electronic properties of zigzag blue phosphorene (ZbPNR) and arsenene nanoribbons (ZANR) by etching the edges of NRs. We have taken the width of both NRs as N = 8 and corrugated the edges in a cosine-like manner. Optimizing every structure and further investigating their stabilities, it was seen that both the etched NRs are energetically feasible. From the computed band structures, the band gaps were seen to be increased for both the NRs on increasing number of etched layers and direct gap semiconductor nature was recorded. Highest energy gap observed were 2.26 and 2.41 eV for ZbPNR and ZANR, respectively. On further application of electric field, we observed the very interesting semiconductor-to-metallic property transition which was explained by wave function plots. Being elements of same group, a similar trend of band gaps modulations was observed for both NRs. This fascinating method of electronic property tuning of the studied NRs can be useful in various nanoscale electronic applications.