The phrase Internet of Things (IoT) heralds a vision of the future Internet where connecting physical things, from banknotes to bicycles, through a network will let them take an active part in the Internet, exchanging information about themselves and their surroundings. This will give immediate access to information about the physical world and the objects in it leading to innovative services and increase in efficiency and productivity. This paper studies the state-of-the-art of IoT and presents the key technological drivers, potential applications, challenges and future research areas in the domain of IoT. IoT definitions from different perspective in academic and industry communities are also discussed and compared. Finally some major issues of future research in IoT are identified and discussed briefly.

Background: prescription audit is a tool as well as a technique and its application is science as well as an art. Quality of life can be improved by enhancing the standards of medical treatment and that can only be assessed by prescription audit, because it is based on documented evidences to support diagnosis, treatment and justified utilization of hospital facilities. Effective prescription audit is important for health professionals, health service managers, patients, and the public. It supports health professionals in making sure their patients receive the best possible care. It can inform health service managers about the need for organizational changes, or new investment to support health professionals in their practice. Prescription audit is a quality improvement process that seeks to improve patient care. in this background the present study was conducted in this tertiary care teaching hospital of eastern India, as previously no such study conducted at this institution. Objective: Assessment of quality of medical care in a tertiary care teaching hospital, quantifying and describing the appropriateness of medical care by measuring the who core prescribing indicators, and assessment of rational prescription pattern in a tertiary care teaching hospital in eastern India. Materials and method: this was an observational study undertaken between 1 st may 2012 and 31 st august 2013 at the OPD of burdwan medical college, west Bengal, India. Data for only first encounter prescriptions collected from the patients attending the OPD after fulfillment of inclusion criteria with the help of pre-inserted carbon and was analyzed by the parameters based on the objectives. Results: General medicine OPD contributing 45.38% patients with the most frequent diagnosis was the disease of the gastro-intestinal system (ICD 10 code-k00-k99) at rate of 12.33%. 19% of prescription contain more than single diagnosis with total numbers of drugs prescribed were 18559. Most frequent antibacterial agent was fluoroquinolones subgroup (ATC code-JOIMA) at the rate of 7.78%. In this study it was observed that in 91.33% of prescription weight is not written, while in-appropriate drugs prescribed in 52.99% of prescription. Average number of drugs per encounter was 4.4; percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name was only 20.99%, while percentage of encounters with an antibiotic prescribed was 28.89%, & percentage of encounters with an injection prescribed was 28.99%. Percentage of drugs prescribed from essential drugs list or formulary was only 60.98%, and overall illegibility of prescription was 22.99%. Conclusion: the results of this study show the prevailing prescribing habits at our institution. This study reveals that the auditing of prescription in terms of rationality, it remains poor. The value of such audits in generating and testing hypotheses on inappropriate prescribing will definitely create an intervention to improve prescribing habits and ultimately patient care will be improved.

Several leukaemia-specific antigens have been discovered in the recent past, which raised the possibility for T-cell-based immunotherapy for leukaemia. However, failure of such approaches involving interleukin-2 and/or T-cell-based immunotherapy indicated the importance of investigation of the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) status of the haematopoietic malignant cells. Considerable number of reports indicate that both HLA class I and class II are down-regulated in different cases of leukaemias, enabling them to evade immuno-surveillance. However, locus-specific down-regulation in leukaemia has not been widely investigated, although majority of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses are modulated by HLA-A and HLA-B, whereas expression of only HLA-C is unable to block natural killer (NK)-cell-mediated cytotolysis. Therefore, using RT-PCR, we have investigated the HLA class I transcriptional expression in a locus-specific manner, along with HLA-associated accessory molecules beta2-microglobulin and transporter-associated antigen processing molecule (TAP1). Our data suggest that in several newly diagnosed untreated leukaemic patients, HLA-C and beta2-microglobulin are expressed, but not the locus HLA-A or -B. Moreover, TAP1 and beta2-microglobulin were observed to be down-regulated in a number of cases of leukaemia. Our flow cytometric analysis of HLA-ABC also indicates a decrease in mean fluorescent intensity but no complete loss in surface expression of HLA class Ia on the leukaemic cells. Therefore, the observed low surface expression of HLA-ABC may be due to the down-regulation of transcription of HLA-A or -B itself and/or transcriptional suppression of the accessory molecules.

We present a neo-classical model that explores the determinants of growthinequality correlation and attempts to reconcile the seemingly conflicting evidence on the nature of the growth-inequality relationship. The initial distribution of human capital determines the long-run income distribution and the growth rate by influencing the occupational choice of the agents. The steady-state proportion of adults that innovates and updates human capital is path dependent. The output elasticity of skilled-labour, barriers to knowledge spillovers, and the degree of redistribution determine the range of steady-state equilibria. From a calibration experiment we report that a skill-intensive technology, low barriers to knowledge spillovers, and high degrees of redistribution characterize the industrial countries with a positive growth-inequality correlation. A negative correlation between growth and inequality arises for the group of non-industrial countries with the opposite characteristics. JEL classification: E1, O4Qu'est-ce qui sous-tend la corre´lation transversale entre la croissance des pays et son niveau d'ine´galite´? On pre´sente un mode`le ne´o-classique qui explore les de´terminants de la corre´lation croissance-ine´galite´et on tente de re´concilier les re´sultats qui semblent contradictoires a`ce propos. La distribution initiale de capital humain de´termine la distribution des revenus a`long terme et le taux de croissance en influant sur le choix occupationnel des agents.En re´gime permanent, la proportion des adultes qui innovent et ame´liorent le capital humain de´pend du sentier d'origine. L'e´lasticite´de la production par rapport au travail qualifie´, les barrie`res aux effets de de´bordement de la connaissance, et le degre´de redistribution de´termi-nent le corridor des e´quilibres en re´gime permanent. A partir d'une expe´rience de calibration, il appert qu'une technologie a`forte intensite´de compe´tences, des barrie`res faibles aux effets de de´bordement de la connaissance, et beaucoup de redistribution sont des e´le´ments qui caracte´risent les pays ou`la corre´lation croissance-ine´galite´est positive. Une corre´lation ne´gative e´merge dans le groupe de pays non industrialise´s qui a les caracte´ristiques inverses.

An optimal redistributive tax-subsidy formula is derived for a growth model where income inequality is endogenously driven by an adult's choice of occupation between work and management. Investment in human capital is the engine of growth. The world's stock of exploitable knowledge as well as the economy's average human capital determine the potential rate of return from investment in human capital in an economy. How much available knowledge would be exploited in the economy depends on the proportion of innovators in our model. A redistributive tax reform impacts growth as well as income inequality via its in¯uence over the occupational choice. The optimal redistributive tax rate is path-dependent in the sense that it depends on the initial wealth distribution. The normative implication of the model is that the optimal capital income tax rate could very well be positive if the initial wealth inequality exceeds a threshold. The optimal capital income tax rate depends inversely on the initial wealth inequality.