Symptom intensity in cancer and palliative care patients is frequently assessed using a 0-10 ranking score. Results are then often grouped into verbal categories (mild, moderate, or severe) to guide therapy. Numerical cutpoints separating these categories are often variable, with previous work suggesting different cutpoints across different symptoms, which is unwieldy for clinical use. The Edmonton Symptom Assessment Symptom (ESAS) assesses nine common symptoms using this 0-10 scale. The primary aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the numerical and verbal scores using the ESAS and to identify a single cutpoint to separate severe from nonsevere symptomatology. A second goal was to similarly identify a cutpoint to separate moderate or severe from none or mild symptom intensity. Consenting patients (n=400) completed both a standard ESAS and an identical form that replaced 0-10 with none, mild, moderate, and severe. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to identify the best fit between sensitivity and specificity. For the "severe" ranking, six symptoms had a best fit of 7, with sensitivity for the remaining three symptoms still greater than 80%. For the combined grouping of moderate or severe, results were less uniform. A cutpoint of either 4 or 5 would be supported by our data, with a greater sensitivity using 4 and improved specificity using 5 as the cutpoint. Across all ESAS symptoms, then, 7 or higher represents a severe symptom by patient definition, whereas a cutpoint of either 4 or 5 could reasonably define combined moderate and severe symptoms.

Administration of antileukemic chemotherapy at diagnosis of chloroma is associated with a significantly lower probability of developing acute myeloid leukemia and with longer survival.

ObjectiveThe road to legalization of Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) across Canada has largely focused on legislative details such as eligibility and establishment of regulatory clinical practice standards. Details on how to implement high-quality, person-centered MAID programs at the institutional level are lacking. This study seeks to understand what improvement opportunities exist in the delivery of the MAID process from the family caregiver perspective.MethodThis multi-methods study design used structured surveys, focus groups, and unstructured e-mail/phone conversations to gather experiential feedback from family caregivers of patients who underwent MAID between July 2016 and June 2017 at a large academic hospital in Toronto, Canada. Data were combined and a qualitative, descriptive approach used to derive themes within family perspectives.ResultImprovement themes identified through the narrative data (48% response rate) were grouped in two categories: operational and experiential aspects of MAID. Operational themes included: process clarity, scheduling challenges and the 10-day period of reflection. Experiential themes included clinician objection/judgment, patient and family privacy, and bereavement resources.Significance of resultsTo our knowledge, this is the first time that family caregivers’ perspectives on the quality of the MAID process have been explored. Although practice standards have been made available to ensure all legislated components of the MAID process are completed, detailed guidance for how to best implement patient and family centered MAID programs at the institutional level remain limited. This study provides guidance for ways in which we can enhance the quality of MAID from the perspective of family caregivers.