In the summer of 1995, surface measurements of shear wave velocity (β) was conducted at thirty six sites, approximately, in the 0-50 m depth range. Of these, at seven sites values of β, soil log and blow count (N) from borehole measurement were available from previous investigations by others. Using these seven sites for calibration, we compared the velocity profiles yielded by the surface and borehole measurements for these sites. The results show broad similarities. Using the soil logs and shear wave velocity variations at the seven sites, four site classes (SC-Ic, SC-II, SC-III and SC-IV) could be identified. The surface method corresponding to the mean value of β tends to underestimate β between about 1 and 18 percent for site classes SC-Ic, SC-II and SC-III compared to the downhole method. For SC-IV, β is overestimated by 11 percent using surface method. Moreover, the blow count (N) data for each site class shows a linear relationship with β obtained by the surface measurement.
The physical consequences of a grounded conducting target with realistic leakage path between itself and the host are discussed from a circuit theory approach. The real and imaginary components of the response of a conductor with leakage are enhanced when both the “leakage factor” and “leakage parameter” are positive. Pure galvanic contact cannot cause enhancement in both real and imaginary components of the response. The model results with so‐called “galvanic contact” in all probability would give even qualitatively misleading results because leakage factor and leakage parameter for model experiment and field conditions are expected to be widely different.
Jayaprakash Narayan was born on October 11, 1902 in a middle‐caste Hindu family in Sitabdiara, a village in Balia District of Uttar Pradesh. He refused to attend a British‐style college in protest against the Rowlatt Act and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, and in response to the call issued by the nationalists to quit state institutions, he left college. In October 1920 Jayaprakash married Prabhavati Devi, a freedom fighter in her own right. Two years later, he went to the United States and studied political science and economics at the universities of California, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Ohio State.
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