SUMMARYThe study involved 100 yeast isolates, obtained from urine samples provided by a Public Pediatric Hospital of São Paulo, Brazil, from 1999 to 2004. The most frequent species was Candida albicans, followed by C. tropicalis, C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis. In regard to virulence, 97% of the isolates showed index 3 for proteinase and 63% index 2 for phospholipase. The most frequent killer biotypes were 511 and 888.
Candidemia remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the health care environment. The epidemiology of Candida infection is changing, mainly in relation to the number of episodes caused by species C. non-albicans. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of yeasts of the genus Candida, in a four-year period, isolated from blood of pediatric patients hospitalized in a public hospital of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. In this period, yeasts from blood of 104 patients were isolated and, the identified species of Candida by phenotypic and genotypic methods were: C. albicans (39/104), C. tropicalis (25/104), C. parapsilosis (23/104), Pichia anomala (6/104), C. guilliermondii (5/104), C. krusei (3/104), C. glabrata (2/104) and C. pararugosa (1/104). During the period of the study, a higher frequency of isolates of C. non-albicans (63.55%) (p = 0.0286) was verified. In this study we verified the increase of the non-albicans species throughout the years (mainly in 2009 and 2010). Thus, considering the peculiarities presented by Candida species, a correct identification of species is recommended to lead to a faster diagnosis and an efficient treatment.
RESUMOAvaliaram-se, com a realização deste trabalho, as alterações na concentração e na saturação do complexo de troca com sódio, em solo cultivado com capim-tifton 85 submetido à aplicação de percolado de resíduo sólido urbano (RSU) em diferentes taxas. Para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa um reservatório de 5.000 L foi prenchido com RSU novo, visando-se à produção de percolado. O percolado foi aplicado nas taxas de 0 (testemunha), 250, 500, 750, 1000 kg ha -1 d -1 de DBO 5 . No tratamento testemunha, não receptor do percolado, aplicou-se água da rede de abastecimento público na mesma lâmina definida para aplicação no tratamento 500 kg ha -1 d -1 de DBO 5 . A aplicação da água e do percolado foi feita diariamente, durante oito meses. A aplicação de percolado de RSU proporcionou acúmulo de sódio em todas as camadas avaliadas do solo porém não causou prejuízo à sua qualidade. Taxas de aplicação inferiores a 1000 kg ha -1 d -1 de DBO 5 de percolado de RSU não proporcionaram problemas ao solo durante o período experimental e, portanto, podem ser utilizadas para disposição dessas águas residuárias. Verificou-se, ao final do período de realização do experimento, que os valores de percentagem de saturação de sódio (PST) permaneceram abaixo do limite de 15% porém se espera, em uma estimativa de aplicação mais prolongada, a superação desses limites na camada mais superficial do solo (0 a 0,10 m) após 1,2 anos de aplicação do percolado de RSU. Palavras-chave: chorume, aterro sanitário, fertirrigaçãoSodium availability in a soil with tifton grass and application of solid waste leachate ABSTRACT Changes were evaluated in concentration and saturation of exchangeable sodium of a soil cropped with tifton-85 grass, submitted to different rates of municipal solid waste leachate (MSW). For this research, a 5000 L reservoir was filled with fresh MSW in order to produce leachate. Leachate rates of 0 (control), 250, 500, 750 and 1000 kg ha -1 d -1 of BOD 5 were applied to the field. In the control treatment, which did not receive any leachate, potable water from the municipal supply network were applied at the same depth as for the 500 kg ha -1 d -1 of BOD 5 . Water and leachate was applied to tifton grass daily during an eight month period. The applied MSW leachate provided sodium accumulation in all soil profile layers, however, without any damage to quality. MSW doses of less than 1000 kg ha -1 d -1 of BOD 5 caused no problems to soil during the research period and, therefore, it can be used to dispose such effluent. At the end of trial, one could note that exchangeable sodium percentage (PST) remained lower than the 15% limit. However, for longer applications, one would expect the limit to be exceeded in the superficial soil layer (0 to 0.10 m) after 1.2 years of MSW leachate application.
RESUMO: Quando presente em alta concentração no solo, o sódio pode causar efeito depressivo sobre a produtividade das culturas por dificultar a absorção de água e nutrientes pela planta ou pelo seu efeito dispersante. Neste estudo, objetivou-se determinar a variação temporal e espacial do sódio disponível em latossolo durante a aplicação de água residuária da suinocultura (ARS) como fonte de diferentes doses de nitrogênio para a cultura de tomate, com e sem adubação mineral complementar. De acordo com os resultados, pôde-se concluir que os solos com aporte de adubação mineral (testemunha) apresentaram valores de percentual de sódio trocável superiores àqueles solos submetidos ao reuso de ARS; verificou-se uma relação linear decrescente da concentração de sódio com a profundidade do solo e quadrática com o tempo de aplicação; as diferentes parcelas experimentais não apresentaram problemas de dispersão de argilas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: dispersão, tomate, efluente TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL VARIATION OF AVAILABLE SODIUM IN SOIL DURING WASTEWATER REUSE ABSTRACT: When present in high concentrations in the soil, sodium can cause a depressive effect on crop productivity by hindering the absorption of water and nutrients by the plant or its dispersing effect. In this study aimed to determine the temporal and spatial variation of the available sodium in latosol during the application of swine wastewater (SW) as source of different nitrogen rates for the tomato crop, with and without complementary mineral fertilization. According to the results, it was possible to conclude that the soils with mineral fertilization (control) presented values of percentage of exchangeable sodium superior to those 1 Doutora em Eng. Agrícola, Professora IFGoiano Campus
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.