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A new species of eurysquilloid stomatopod,Eurysquilla petronioisp. nov., is described from the tropical western Atlantic.Eurysquilla petronioisp. nov. is the fourteenth species of the genus to be recognized worldwide, the fifth species from the western Atlantic and the second from Brazilian waters. It is most closely related toE. maiaguesensisfrom Puerto Rico, but differs chiefly in having an unarmed versus apically spinous rostral plate and 6 or 7 rather than 8–10 teeth on dactylus of raptorial claw. A key to the species of the genus is provided.

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A total of 39 species of Stomatopoda were previously reported from marine and estuarine habitats of Brazilian waters. The present checklist is based on material deposited in the crustacean collection of Museu de Oceanografia Petrônio Alves Coelho, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, city of Recife, Brazil (MOUFPE). The collection, deriving primarily from the northern and northeastern coast of Brazil, includes 667 samples and 1.301 specimens, distributed in four superfamilies, seven families, 14 genera and 33 species, including one holotype and two paratype. Apparent distribution gaps for five-species were filled. Two Brazilian endemic species had their southern geographical ranges increased (Neogonodactylus moraisi (Fausto Filho & Lemos de Castro, 1973) and Nannosquilla dacostai Manning, 1970) and one was recorded for the first time from northeast Brazilian waters [Alima neptuni (Linnaeus, 1768)]. There are now 42 species of Stomatopoda recorded from the Brazilian coast.

Here we report the new occurrences of two poorly known spider crab species, Lepteces ornatus Rathbun, 1893 (Pisinae) and Collodes leptocheles Rathbun, 1894 (Inachoididae) from the northeast Brazil, southwestern Atlantic. The specimens were collected on the framework "Avaliação da Biota Bentônica e Planctônica da Bacia Potiguar e Ceará (Bpot)", developed by the Brazilian Oil Company "Petrobras (Petróleo Brasileiro S/A)" on board the R/V Seward Johnson col. in May 2011 in Potiguar Basin, encompassing the States of Ceará (CE) and Rio Grande do Norte (RN), located on Northeast region of Brazil. The materials were sampled from bottom trawls conducted on the continental slope using a semi-balloon otter trawl with 50 mm mesh size and 18 m of mouth opening, trawled during 30 minutes between the depths of 150 and 2068 m. After the identification, all the material was deposited in the carcinological collection of the "Museu de Oceanografia Prof. Petrônio Alves Coelho (MOUFPE)" at Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Brazil. Both species were originally described from the Gulf of Mexico, and have very few records in literature. This is the first south Atlantic record of C. leptocheles and the second of L. ornatus, with these reports an important contribution for the knowledge of the biodiversity of crustaceans from Brazilian waters.