No abstract

Pantanal is one of the largest wetlands in the world. In its southern portion, it hosts significant beef cattle ranching, having a herd of 4,832,200 head of cattle in 2016 (IBGE, 2018). Yet it presents intra-regional differences and complementarities. This article discusses such current territory definition, focusing on cattle ranching in Pantanal, considering its forms of occupation, agents, and its intra-regional flow of cattle. This recognition is essential for the identification of the arrangements developed in the territory, its temporal dynamics and spatial strategies, assuming different forms of interaction with the environment. In order to identify multiple livestock territories and their logics of action, data grouped into four dimensions were considered: (i) agents, (ii) product, (iii) space used, and (iv) flows and circulation, approached in different scales (farms, municipal and units of landscape floodplain/plateau). The analyzes show different forms of domination and territorial appropriation, continuous and discontinuous, permanent and temporary. Mapping of cattle territories in the South Pantanal identified a scenario of multiterritoriality. While maintaining its “nursery” profile, it presents more intensive arrangements with the rearing and fattening phases. New territorialities represented by external agents and the fragmentation of old properties has genereted a new mapping of the “used spaces” for cattle breeding and posed new challenges for the maintenance of the traditional cattle production systems in the region.

The Pantanal is one of the largest wetlands in the world. In Mato Grosso do Sul, the floodplain stands out on the calf production by the use of native grasslands as pastures. It has as a management characteristic the movement of the herds between lowlands and higher areas, at the pace of the annual floods. The commercialization of cattle for rearing, fattening or slaughtering with other localities consolidates an'always in motion'livestock farming. Severe hydrometeorological events act as forcings on the management of production, which may impact on increased costs and losses. To contribute to the understanding of the territorial organization of the activity in the region, this study identified the multiannual pattern of cattle traffic at intra and intermunicipal scales and between lowland and plateau areas between 2007 and 2014. In addition, it presented the dynamics of cattle displacement in Aquidauana and Corumbá, municipalities with the largest areas of wetlands and cattle production of the South Pantanal, considering the episodic events of drought in 2010 and full in 2014. The results showed that the flow of cattle presents different levels of connectivity, with emphasis on intra-Pantanal displacement. Increases were observed in the periods of drought and pre-flood and decrease in the flood months; as well as an occasional intense flow in 2014, suggesting an emergency. This endorses adaptive strategies and the need for actions that minimize the impacts of weather and climate variability on cattle breeding in the region.

Entre agosto e dezembro de 2019, a costa do Brasil foi atingida em 11 estados litorâneos, em sua maioria localizados no nordeste do país, por óleo proveniente de um derramamento de origem desconhecida. Foram detectados vestígios e manchas de óleo em diversas Unidades de Conservação marinhas e costeiras, entre elas, a Área de Proteção Ambiental Costa dos Corais (APACC), a maior Unidade de Conservação (UC) marinha federal. Este artigo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento das localidades atingidas pelo derramamento de óleo dentro da APACC e dos possíveis impactos socioambientais decorrentes deste desastre nos municípios afetados. Para isso utilizou-se o software de geoprocessamento ArcGIS® 10.5, bem como pesquisas em bancos de dados científicos e plataformas institucionais sobre aspectos sociais, econômicos e ambientais da área estudada. Os autores constataram que os municípios de Maragogi, Japaratinga e Porto das Pedras foram os que apresentaram as maiores concentrações de localidades atingidas na APACC e que os setores da pesca e do turismo podem ter sido fortemente impactados por este desastre. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de avaliar, acompanhar e mitigar os impactos causados pelo óleo na área, visto sua relevância socioeconômica e ambiental, especialmente em relação à preservação dos manguezais e recifes de coral e de seus serviços ecossistêmicos, que sustentam a pesca e o turismo na região.

A intensificação do desmatamento em microbacias hidrográficas para instalação de atividades agropecuárias coloca em risco a conservação dos recursos naturais e o fornecimento de serviços ecossistêmicos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo quantificar as áreas com conflito de uso do solo em Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs) nas microbacias hidrográficas do município de Senador Amaral (MG), com o auxílio de técnicas de geoprocessamento e dados disponibilizados pelo Sistema Nacional de Cadastro Ambiental Rural (SICAR). Para isto, foi elaborado o mapa de uso e cobertura do solo do município através do algoritmo de classificação supervisionada de máxima verossimilhança (MaxVer) de uma imagem obtida pelo satélite Landsat 8, com resolução espacial de 30 m. Foram delimitadas, ainda, as microbacias hidrográficas, as APPs de nascentes, encostas, topos de morros e zonas ripárias, por meio da aplicação de técnicas de geoprocessamento. A classe de uso do solo mais representativa em Senador Amaral foi a pastagem, ocupando 50,14% do território municipal, seguida pela formação florestal (25,37%) e solo exposto (16,60%). As APPs das microbacias hidrográficas estudadas representam 9,83% da área total do município, sendo que 57,68% dessas áreas encontra-se em não conformidade com a legislação ambiental, colocando em risco toda a biodiversidade local. Os resultados indicaram que a atividade predominante nas áreas em desacordo com a legislação é a pastagem, ressaltando a necessidade de implementação de ações educacionais direcionadas à população e da criação de um planejamento estratégico para a gestão dos recursos naturais municipais e recuperação ecológica das APPs. Geoprocessing techniques applied to the study of conflict of soil use in microbacies of Senador Amaral - MG A B S T R A C TThe intensification of deforestation in watersheds for the agricultural activities installation puts at risk the natural resources conservation and the ecosystem services provision. The present work aimed to quantify the areas with conflict of land use in Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs) in the hydrographic basins of the Senador Amaral (MG) municipality, with the support of geoprocessing techniques and data provided by the National Environmental Registry of Rural Properties (SICAR). For this, the map of municipality land use/cover was elaborated through the supervised classification method of maximum likelihood (MaxVer) of an image obtained by the satellite Landsat 8, with spatial resolution of 30 m. The watersheds, APPs of springs, slopes, hilltops and riparian zones were also delimited, through the application of geoprocessing techniques. The most representative land use class in Senador Amaral was pasture, occupying 50.14% of the municipal territory, followed by forest formation (25.37%) and exposed soil (16.60%). The APPs of the studied watersheds represent 9.83% of the total area of the municipality, and 57.68% of these areas are not in compliance with environmental legislation, putting all local biodiversity at risk. The results indicated that the predominant activity in the areas at odds with the legislation is grazing, highlighting the need to implement educational actions directed at the population and the need to creation of a strategic plan for the municipal natural resources management and ecological recovery of APPs.Keywords: permanent preservation areas; rural environmental register; forest code; environmental legislation.