CoFeO and NiFeO nanoparticles (NPs) represent promising candidates for biomedical applications. However, in these systems, the knowledge over how various physical and chemical parameters influence their cytotoxicity remains limited. In this article, we investigated the effect of different calcination temperatures over cytotoxicity of CoFeO and NiFeO NPs, which were synthesized by a sol-gel proteic approach, toward L929 mouse fibroblastic cells. More specifically, we evaluated and compared CoFeO and NiFeO NPs presenting low crystallinity (that were calcined at 400 and 250 °C, respectively) with their highly crystalline counterparts (that were calcined at 800 °C). We found that the increase in the calcination temperature led to the reduction in the concentration of surface defect sites and/or more Co or Ni atoms located at preferential crystalline sites in both cases. A reduction in the cytotoxicity toward mouse fibroblast L929 cells was observed after calcination at 800 °C. Combining with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry data, our results indicate that the calcination temperature can be employed as a facile strategy to reduce the cytotoxicity of CoFeO and NiFeO, in which higher temperatures contributed to the decrease in the dissolution of Co or Ni from the NPs. We believe these results may shed new insights into the various parameters that influence cytotoxicity in ferrite NPs, which may pave the way for their widespread applications in biomedicine.

O conhecimento da equipe de saúde sobre os atributos da atenção primária é um dos fatores essenciais para uma assistência efetiva. Objetivou-se avaliar a presença e extensão dos atributos da Atenção Primaria à Saúde apresentado por profissionais da saúde. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, transversal realizado com 13 médicos e 17 enfermeiros trabalhadores de Unidades Básicas de Saúde, de um município do Sudoeste Goiano, representando 88,2% da população de estudo. Utilizou-se o Instrumento de Avaliação da Atenção Primária - PCATool-Brasil. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o SPSS 17.0. O estudo obteve parecer favorável CEP 345.619. Dos participantes, 70% são do sexo feminino, idade entre 30 e 39 anos (65,1%), com tempo de formação e atuação predominante entre 1 e 5 anos (36,7%) e (56,7%) respectivamente. Quanto à formação, 30% possuem especialização na área de saúde pública. Na associação do tempo de formação com os atributos, verificou-se significância para o atributo sistema de informações (p<0,05). Os profissionais sem especialização obtiveram maior pontuação, em todos os atributos. O Escore Médio Geral estimado resultou em 7,2. Portanto, os profissionais estão orientados quanto aos atributos da atenção primaria devido ao alto escore geral, necessitando de atenção especial no atributo acessibilidade.

In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of NiFe2O4 and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) which are widely used in the biomedical area. There is still limited knowledge how the properties of these materials are influenced by different chemical routes. In this work, we investigated the effect of heat treatment over cytotoxicity of cobalt and niquel ferrites NPs synthesized by sol-gel method. Then the samples were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis (FTIR), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The average crystallite sizes of the particles were found to be in the range of 20–35 nm. The hemocompatibility (erythrocytes and leukocytes) was checked. Cytotoxicity results were similar to those of the control test sample, therefore suggesting hemocompatibility of the tested materials.