Quantificação da severidade das queimadas e da perda de sequestro florestal de carbono em unidades de conservação do Distrito Federal¹
-The objective of this work was to simulate the bands of the WorldView-2 sensor from laboratory specters, in order to study its potential to detect iron oxides, besides proposing a spectral index based on the depth of the spectral feature (RHGt Pf ). The iron index (IFe) and the hematite index (IHm), developed by Madeira Netto for bands of Landsat TM-5 sensor, were adjusted for WorldView-2 to test the potential of the new yellow band. The results showed that the yellow band degrades to 2% compared to the red one. This is due to fact that mineral quantification and identification are in the absorption feature, not in the reflectance one, and it is only improved in the visualization of color. A new spectral index, the RHGt PF , based on the depth feature with the continuum-removed spectra, was proposed, since the new bands of the WorldView-2 sensorthe coastal blue and yellow bands -allow a better individualization of the absorption features for goethite and hematite separately. The new index is statistically similar to the ratio Hm / Gt + Hm; however, it is not similar to the mineralogical relation obtained with Munsell colors.Index terms: mineralogical relation, remote sensing, spectral feature depth, spectral indices. Sensor WorldView-2 para detecção de hematita e goethita em solos tropicaisResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi simular as bandas do sensor WorldView-2 a partir de espectros obtidos em laboratório, para estudar seu potencial de detectar óxidos de ferro, além de propor um índice espectral com base na profundidade da feição espectral (RHGt PF ). O índice férrico IFe e o índice hematita IHm, desenvolvidos por Madeira Netto para as bandas do sensor Landsat-TM5, foram ajustados para o WorldView-2 para testar o potencial da nova banda do amarelo. Os resultados mostraram que a banda do amarelo degrada em 2% comparada à do vermelho. Isso se deve ao fato de a quantificação e identificação do mineral estarem localizadas na feição de absorção e não na de reflectância, e isso só é melhorado na visualização da cor. Um novo índice espectral, RHGt PF , baseado na profundidade de feição com o contínuo espectral removido, foi proposto, pois as novas bandas do sensor WorldView-2 -azul costal e amarelo -permitem individualizar melhor as feições de absorção da goethita e da hematita separadamente. O novo índice é estatisticamente similar à relação Hm / Hm + Gt; porém, ele não é similar à relação mineralógica obtida por meio das cores de Munsell.Termos para indexação: relação mineralógica, sensoriamento remoto, profundidade da feição espectral, índices espectrais.
O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o grau de severidade das queimadas e da perda do sequestro de carbono nas principais Unidades de Conservação do Distrito Federal nos anos de 2010 e 2011. Para determinar o grau de severidade utilizou-se índices espectrais antes e depois da queimada, como o índice de queimada por razão normalizada (NBR) e o índice relativo diferenciado de queimada por razão normalizada (RdNBR). O sequestro de carbono perdido pela queimada foi comparado antes, depois da queimada e na rebrota pelo índice espectral CO2flux. A relação entre a severidade e o sequestro de carbono também foi determinada por meio das imagens de pré-fogo, pós-fogo e da rebrota e a comparação temporal do CO2flux. As regressões obtidas para o ano de 2010 foram bastante de acordo com o esperado, com baixa relação antes da queimada, alta após, e menor na rebrota. Já para 2011, como ocorreram queimadas ao longo de todo o período, não foi possível verificar relações favoráveis. A B S T R A C T The aim of this study was to assess the burn severity and carbon sink in the Conservation Units at Distrito Federal in the 2010 and 2011. For the burn severity index was used to quantify biomass before and after burning, such as a Normalized Burn Ratio - NBR and relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio - RdNBR indices. Carbon sink lost by the burning was compared before and after fire by regrowth CO2flux spectral index. The relationship between the burn severity and carbon sink were also made by means the pre, post-fire and regrowth images, and temporal comparison of CO2flux. The regressions obtained for the 2010 were largely in agreement with expectations, with a low pre-fire, after high and low in regrowth. Already in 2011, as fires occurred throughout the period, it was not possible to verify favorable relationships. Keywords: Biomass, burn severity, RdNBR, carbon sink, CO2flux.
Os solos tropicais são ricos em óxidos de ferro, principalmente a hematita (Hm) e a goethita (Gt) e sua relação determina o caráter pedohídrico da região. O presente estudo tem como objetivo identiï¬car os óxidos de ferro dos solos tropicais no Distrito Federal por meio da técnica Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM), Linear Spectral Unmixing (LSU) e índice espectral RHGtPF com os dados do sensor WorldView II. O SAM é um método de classiï¬cação espectral que se baseia no ângulo espectral entre o espectro de referência e o espectro do pixel da imagem. O Linear Spectral Unmixing é um método de decomposição da mistura espectral que determina a abundância relativa do endmembers na composição do pixel. O índice RHGtPF determina a relação Hm/Hm+Gt por meio da profundidade da feição espectral dos minerais integrados. O resultado do SAM foi satisfatório porque ele classiï¬cou corretamente os dois minerais. O resultado do LSU mostrou que a correlação entre os dois minerais é inversa devido a diferença química e geomorfológica do meio ambiente. O índice RHGtPF quantiï¬cou e identiï¬cou os minerais óxidos de ferro. Novos estudos devem ser incentivados para melhor compreensão da cobertura pedológica.
Spectral behavior of the soil it's a term used to define the interactions of the electromagnetic radiation with the different types of soil and intrinsicfactors between them, likethephysico-chemicalproperties. With the advance of techniques and technology, the remote sensing has been a very helpful tool for mapping the soils through the spectroscopy of reflectance. With the advance of new sensors systems, there's a need to investigate their potentials for spatial discrimination of the objects, for example, the mineral constituentsof a soil spot. The goal of this study was to investigate the potentials of WorlView 2 in detecting iron oxides, due to the presence of new bands, when compared to the Landsat TM5 sensor, especially in the range of visible light, which are the main spectral features of this minerals. The rates developed by Madeira Netto (1993), IFeand the IHm were rewritten with the yellow band and red band of the WorlView 2and, with the results, it was proved that the better discretization of iron's oxides identification are linked to the feature of absorption and not to the reflection, and with that the yellow band helps only the preview of the soil's hue. It was proposed the RHGtPF's rates that it's based in outgoing removal and in it depth of feature and it was statically compared with the chemistry relation Hm/Hm+Gt made by Madeira Netto (1993) and the RHGt munsell by parameters of the soil's colors. It was noticed that the relation Hm/Hm+Gt and the new indication are similar to each other, but the RHGt munsell and the new indication are different to each other. Algorithms, like Spectral AngleMapper (SAM) and Linear Spectral Unmixing (LSU), were studied as well to classify the iron oxides with the data of WorldView 2. The SAM'sresults was satisfactory because it named correctly both minerals. The LSU's results shows that the correlation between both minerals it's reverse because of the chemical and geomorphological diference in the environment. The RHGtPF's rate was compared with the Hm/Hm+Gt relation estimated from the LSU's percentage data. The correlation coefficient was strong and positive and found the possibility of iron's oxides quantification and identification by the new spectral indication.
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