A cross-sectional and case-control study with a matching for age was performed to evaluate quality of life in 58 women with a diagnosis of premature ovarian failure (POF) and 58 women with normal ovarian function paired for age (± 2 years) (control group). In both groups were excluded women with chronic diseases and iatrogenic or genetic causes. Quality of life was evaluated using the WHOQOL-BREF. Although there were no statistically significant differences in quality of life in general between the two groups, there were statistically significant differences in mean scores in the physical health [61.3 ± 18.0 and 72.8 ± 16.4 for the POF and control groups, respectively (p < 0.0001)] and psychological domains [64.2 ± 16.7 and 69.3 ± 14.1, respectively (p = 0.0455)]. Having POF represented an approximately 2.5-fold greater risk of scoring poorly in the physical health and psychological domains. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups with respect to the social relationships or environment domains or for overall health. Women with POF have more difficulty with respect to their physical health and psychological aspects, indicating a need to provide adequate psychosocial and clinical support for these women to minimize the repercussion of this diagnosis on their activities and quality of life.
Women with POF had a higher prevalence of sexual dysfunction compared with women with normal gonadal function and more difficulties in relation to satisfaction, lubrication, orgasm, pain, and arousal; however, there were no differences between the two groups with respect to desire.
RESUMOA instalação e a manutenção do comportamento de ler dependem, como outros operantes, de conseqüências reforçadoras poderosas. A leitura de um principiante, porém, é insuficiente para gerar os reforçadores naturais do ler. Esse estudo verificou se o ensino de reconhecimento de palavras extraídas de histórias infantis, por meio de um procedimento de ensino sem erro que favorece a transferência de controle de estímulos do comportamento ecóico para o comportamento textual, afeta a aquisição e a manutenção de leitura. O procedimento de ensino era individualizado, implementado por computador. Foram ensinados oito conjuntos de 10 palavras (cada conjunto selecionado em um livro) e dois conjuntos foram empregados somente para avaliação, de acordo com um delineamento de linha de base múltipla entre conjuntos de palavras. Quando atingia o critério de aprendizagem de um conjunto, o participante tinha a oportunidade de ler o livro correspondente (com supervisão para feedback e ajuda, se necessário). O ensino de um novo conjunto só era iniciado depois que o aluno dominasse o anterior. Seis alunos com histórico de fracasso escolar aprenderam a reconhecer as palavras impressas na tela, mostraram retenção em testes subseqüentes e apresentaram níveis elevados de acertos no reconhecimento das mesmas palavras inseridas no texto, durante a leitura dos livros. Ao longo do estudo o desenvolvimento do controle textual foi se tornando cada vez mais rápido e menos dependente do ecóico. A aprendizagem alcançada sugere que o procedimento pode ser uma alternativa para o ensino de reconhecimento de palavras a leitores iniciantes, como um passo inicial a partir do qual pode ser ensinado o domínio do código arbitrário entre fonemas e grafemas que caracteriza a correspondência ponto a ponto que define o comportamento textual. A oportunidade de ler as histórias e identificar as palavras aprendidas no computador parece ter tido um significativo valor reforçador.Palavras-chave : aprendizagem de leitura, reconhecimento de palavras, comportamento ecóico, comportamento textual, literatura infantil, motivação, crianças ABSTRACTThe acquisition and the maintenance of reading behavior, as any other operant, depend on powerful reinforcing consequences. The reading behavior of beginners, however, is usually insufficient to generate the natural reinforcers derived from reading. This study investigated whether teaching words of children's books through an errorless teaching procedure that promotes the transfer of stimulus control from echoic to textual behavior would affect the acquisition and maintenance of reading. A computerized procedure was designed to teach eight sets of 10 words each to individual participants. Each word set was composed of words from a single book. Two extra word sets were used for baseline assessment according to a multiple baseline design across word sets. After reaching accurate reading of a word set, the student had the opportunity to read the book from which the words had been selected. Reading the book was supervised by a...
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