Meaningful reductions in SSI can be achieved by implementing a multidisciplinary care bundle at a hospital-wide level.

F₁ hybrid mice, resulting from a cross between a susceptible and a resistant parent, were infected with a cloned substrain of mouse hepatitis virus type 3 (MHV₃). Results showed various evolutive patterns ranging from fulminant hepatitis to persistent infection and excluded virus variation as an explanation for different disease types. Since host resistance to MHV₃ has been previously shown to be under the genetic influence of 1 or 2 genes only rather than a polygenic phenomenon, these results strongly suggest that nongenetic factors play a major role in the determination of evolutive patterns.

No abstract

A CNS-led initiative to achieve better patient outcomes-at a significantly lower cost.U rinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common types of health careassociated infections and account for more than 30% of infections in acute care hospitals. 1 Most health care-associated UTIs are caused by indwelling urinary catheters. Also known as a Foley catheter, an indwelling urinary catheter is a drainage tube inserted into the urinary bladder through the urethra; the other end of the tube is connected to a drainage bag. 2 According to the National Healthcare Safety Network, about 12% to 16% of adult inpatients will have an indwelling urinary catheter inserted at some point during hospitalization and each day the catheter remains, there is a 3% to 7% increased risk of acquiring a catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI). 2 CAUTIs are diagnosed in hospitalized patients when a UTI occurs after an indwelling urinary catheter has been in place for two or more consecutive days. 2 The day of catheter insertion is considered day 1. 2 CAUTIs can lead to complications such as pyelonephritis and gram-negative bacteremia. 2 CAUTI-related complications can also prolong hospital stays by two to four days and result in patient discomfort and increased health care costs and mortality. 3 According to the most recent estimates available from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, the approximate total cost of CAUTIs per year in the United States is $340 million to $450 million, but it's likely those costs have grown. 3 As of October 2008, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services no longer reimburses costs associated with hospital-acquired CAUTIs. This makes it a priority to find ways to address factors that increase the risk of CAUTIs and find ways to decrease their incidence.According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), "An estimated 17% to 69% of CAUTIs may be preventable with recommended infection control measures, which means that up to 380,000 infections and 9,000 deaths related to CAUTI per year could be prevented." 1 A significant number of indwelling urinary catheters are inserted for inappropriate indications, such as routine urine output monitoring, incontinence, confusion, or dementia. 3 According to professional guidelines

Urinary catheters have been attributed to almost half of all healthcare-associated infections. Many catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) may be prevented by following recommended guidelines, which would save lives. This article illustrates the use of known guidelines for the prevention of CAUTIs in the oncology population.