OBJECTIVE: The present study was aimed at establishing the frequency of renal/perirenal and extrarenal computed tomography findings in patients with acute pyelonephritis, and evaluating the interobserver agreement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study based on the analysis of computed tomography images of 47 patients with clinical and laboratory findings of acute pyelonephritis. Two independent observers evaluated the main renal/perirenal and extrarenal alterations. The frequency of tomographic findings and interobserver agreement were analyzed by the kappa (κ κ κ κ κ) test. RESULTS: The frequency of tomographic findings for the several parameters was the following: striated nephrogram, 100%; renal enlargement, 65%; perirenal fat heterogeneity, 62.5%; renal calculi, 16.6%; abscesses, 21%; pleural effusion, 36%; thickened gallbladder wall, 32.5%; periportal edema, 32.5%. The κ κ κ κ κ test for interobserver agreement demonstrated reproducibility ranging between moderate (κ κ κ κ κ = 0.511 for renal enlargement) to almost perfect (κ κ κ κ κ = 0.87 for striated nephrogram) for all of the parameters analyzed, except for perirenal fat heterogeneity (κ κ κ κ κ = 0.268).CONCLUSION: The frequency of findings of acute pyelonephritis on computed tomography is high. Overall, striated nephrogram was the most frequent finding. Peri-and extra-renal alterations were found in about 2/3 of the cases. Computed tomography demonstrated a good interobserver agreement. Keywords: Acute pyelonephritis; Kidney; Computed tomography; Reproducibility.Freqüência dos sinais de pielonefrite aguda em pacientes submetidos a tomografia computadorizada. OBJETIVO: Estimar a freqüência das alterações tomográficas renais e extra-renais em pacientes com pielonefrite aguda e avaliar o grau de concordância interobservador. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Realizamos trabalho retrospectivo a partir da análise dos exames de tomografia computadorizada de 47 pacientes com diagnóstico clínico e laboratorial de pielonefrite aguda. Dois examinadores independentes avaliaram as principais alterações renais, perirrenais e extra-renais. Foi medida a freqüência dos achados tomográficos e a concordância interobservador por meio do teste kappa (κ κ κ κ κ). RESULTADOS: A freqüência dos achados tomográficos para os diversos parâmetros estudados foi: nefrograma heterogêneo, 100%; nefromegalia, 65%; heterogeneidade da gordura, 62,5%; nefrolitíase, 16,6%; abscessos, 21%; derrame pleural, 36%; espessamento da vesícula biliar, 32,5%; edema periportal, 32,5%. O teste κ κ κ κ κ para a concordância interobservador demonstrou reprodutibilidade variando entre moderada (κ κ κ κ κ = 0,511 para nefromegalia) e quase perfeita (κ κ κ κ κ = 0,87 para nefrograma heterogêneo) para todos os parâmetros estudados, exceto para a heterogeneidade da gordura perirrenal (κ κ κ κ κ = 0,268). CONCLUSÃO: A freqüência dos diversos achados tomográficos de pielonefrite aguda é elevada, sendo o nefrograma heterogêneo o sinal mais comum. Alterações perinefréticas e extra-renais são observadas em até dois te...
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