Decentralization and regional autonomy (DRA) policies have been implemented in Indonesia for 25 years. However, regional independence is still very low in 33 regions/cities in North Sumatra (North Sumatra) because the local revenue (PAD) is much smaller than the regional income and expenditure budget (APBD). The aim of this study is to analyze this phenomenon and find a conceptual framework for reformulating DRA policies. The research method uses mixed methods. The results of the analysis show that 88.49% of the regions are still dependent on transfer funds from the central government, so the nature of autonomy, namely the independence of autonomous regions, is still far from expectations. In the long run, it is important to reformulate policies through the Policy Reformulation Action-Cycle Framework (PRACYF). Theoretically, PRACYF has conceptual implications for the development of public policy and DRA, while in practice it can have implications for increasing the independence of autonomous regions and the welfare of the people in the regions.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis efektivitas penerapan program Kang Pisman di Kota Bandung apakah penerapan kurangi sampah, pemisahan, dan pemanfaatan sampah di Kota Bandung serta wilayah yang sudah menerapkan Kang Pisman sudah berjalan dengan baik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengukur sejauh mana efektivitas program Kang Pisman di Kecamatan Arcamanik, Kota Bandung. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan terdapat beberapa kendala dalam pelaksanaan Program Kang Pisman di Kecamatan Arcamanik Kota Bandung. Pertama, kurangnya kesadaran sebagian masyarakat terhadap pentingnya menjaga lingkungan. Kedua, kurangnya fasilitas yang memadai dalam pelaksanaan program Kang Pisman. Ketiga, Kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang program Kang Pisman. Adapun upaya yang dilakukan oleh pihak Kecamatan Arcamanik, Kota Bandung, pertama, terus-menerus melakukan sosialisasi terhadap masyarakat guna mengedukasi masyarakat untuk lebih peduli terhadap lingkungan. Kedua, memasang spanduk-spanduk mengenai program Kang Pisman. Ketiga, mengunggah ajakan gerakan Kang Pisman melalui sosial media sebagai kampanye dan mengingatkan masyarakat terhadap kebiasaan positif yang dilakukan untuk menjaga lingkungan.

Several things must be considered in implementing disaster management: fast, precise and priority. However, apart from that, several things hinder the implementation of budget allocations for disaster management activities, so they do not run optimally. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the budget allocation for disaster management in Garut Regency and the factors that hinder and support it by using George C. Edwards III's theory of policy implementation. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques using interviews, literature studies on laws and regulations and other related documents. The analysis technique used is data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results showed that implementing the disaster management budget allocation in Garut Regency had been carried out by the applicable laws and regulations. This is supported by communication factors and good attitude of implementers, complete Standard Operating Procedures, smooth coordination with other agencies and several resources that have been met. Unfulfilled resources are staff shortages in terms of quantity but this can be overcome with good cooperation in overcoming them. In addition, there are several external factors that affect the implementation of the budget in Garut Regency which are beyond the control of the government, for this reason, government innovation is needed to overcome this.

The problem in this study is that the use of technology has not been optimal in developing village potentials associated with opportunities for village innovation programs. The problem arises because not all villages have the same capacity in aspects of the potential and capacity of village officials, so that in response to this policy the village innovation program is an alternative solution to the problem of inequality in capacity, resources, and so on. This study uses a dynamic model of village development and innovation to analyze technology-based village innovation governance in new autonomous regions. The method used is a qualitative method which relies on secondary data with descriptive data analysis techniques. The results show that the factors in the dynamic model of rural development and innovation are based on internal and external factors. Internal factors include human resources and knowledge, information and communication, community participation, leadership, local wisdom, local potential, experience, challenges and obstacles. External factors include legal umbrella, networking and cooperation, government support, as well as appreciation and incentives.

Although the village has been given authority by the Village Law to conduct its own affairs, in practice most of the villages studied still tend to depend on the district government. Related to the implementation of village democracy, the space for citizen articulation has not yet been functioned optimally. BPD, as a vehicle for the representation of citizens has not played an optimal role, and there is no effort to strengthen these roles, both from the BPD itself and by residents. So that it can be said that village governance after the implementation of the Village Law can be said to have not experienced much change. The village's authority to form Perdes is also not fully utilized. Not many perdes have been issued, other than major perdes such as the APBDes. With full authority, more perdes should be issued because the consequences will be that many matters will be managed by the village itself. The mindset of the village head seems to have shown something positive, in the sense that the village head has begun to open up democratic space, but nevertheless it takes courage to run it without the need for fears of intervention from the district government. The low quality of democracy has an impact on the performance of village governments. Government performance is only understood as physical development performance. Voices from residents regarding other development needs besides physical development are still not accommodated. In the Sarinagen case, the development carried out was more likely because of the will and initiative of the village head. Even though it still refers to the will of the people conveyed in the Musdes, the portion is not significant.