The ultrasonic range finder sensors are widely used sensor in many applications such as computer applications, general purpose applications, medical applications, automotive applications and industrial grade applications. The ultrasonic range finder sensor has many advantages. The advantages are easy to use, fast in measuring process, non-contact measurement and suitable for air and underwater environment. However, the ultrasonic range finder has deviation especially for low-cost sensor. It affects the accuracy level of the measurement result that performed by its sensor directly. The HC-SR04 categorized as a low-cost ultrasonic range finder sensor. This sensor has significant error level. The improvement of the accuracy level of this low-cost ultrasonic sensor is expected to this research. The Newton’s polynomial interpolation algorithm has been used in this research to reduce the error during the measurement process. The implementation of Newton’s polynomial interpolation has succeeded to improve the sensor accuracy. The MSE level of 29,96 is obtained without the Newton’s Polynomial Interpolation implementation. The implementation of the Newton’s Polynomial Interpolation algorithm has succeeded to increase the accuracy level of the sensor by 55,54%. It has been proofed by the decrease of MSE level by 13,32.

Graphical abstract AbstractRoutines can affect the stability of the body that leads to decreased fitness, this affects daily activities. Pain is generally characterized by pain that will take the patient to the doctor for diagnostic information and healing. Infrared therapy is one of the alternatives in reducing the pain and this therapy can be done alone after the information from the doctor. Usually in determining the dose to note the distance of the object and the length of infrared irradiation on the object. This study aims to determine the effect of heat generated by infrared by setting the infrared intensity by using PWM (Pulse width modulation) as a dose controller. In addition to distance and time, the infrared intensity will also affect the resulting temperature. The greater the intensity level of radiation then the heat generated faster and conversely the smaller the intensity of the heat generated will be longer. The average of increasing temperature rate with a distance of 10 cm, a minute time interval and initial temperature by ±26.27 degree Celsius is 3.36 degree Celsius. The changing of radiation distance also been performed in this research. The interval distance was changed to 15 cm with initial temperature by ±26.27 degree Celsius. The longer of distance interval leads to decreased of average temperature rate by 3.28 degree Celsius. The duty cycle of PWM percentage, radiation distance and time interval are the factors that affect the changing of temperature rate.. AbstrakRutinitas dapat mempengarui kestabilan tubuh seseorang yang bisa menimbulkan penyakit sehingga dapat mempengaruhi aktifitas seseorang. Sakit pada umumnya ditandai dengan rasa nyeri yang akan membawakan penderita pergi ke dokter untuk mendapatkan informasi diagnosa dan penyembuhannya. Terapi inframerah merupakan salah satu alternatif dalam mengurangi rasa nyeri dan terapi ini dapat dilakukan sendiri setelah mendapatkan keterangan dari dokter. Biasanya dalam menentukan dosis perlu diperhatikan jarak objek dan lama penyinaran inframerah pada objek. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek panas yang dihasilkan inframerah dengan pengaturan intensitas inframerah dengan mengunakan PWM (Pulse width modulation) sebagai pengendali dosis. Selain jarak dan waktu, intensitas inframerah juga akan mempengruhi suhu yang dihasilkan. Semakin besar level intensitas penyinaran maka panas yang dihasilkan semakin cepat dan sebaliknya semakin kecil intensitas maka panas yang dihasilkan akan semakin lama. Peningkatan panas rata-rata yang dihasilkan tiap menit dengan jarak adalah 10 cm adalah 3,36 o C pada suhu awal sebelum penyinaran sebesar ±26,27 o C. Dan pada jarak 15 cm peningkatan suhu rata-rata sebesar 3,28 o C dengan suhu awal sebelum penyinaran sebesar ± 26.27 o C. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan selain jarak dan waktu, ducty cycle PWM akan mempengaruhi termperatur yang dihasilkan.

<p><em>Self driving cars are an interesting topic to discuss due to the high level of traffic accidents that occur due to human error. Self driving cars are vehicles that can find out about the environment with minimal human intervention. Self driving itself has many development methods such as Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR), cameras, radars, or a combination of these sensors. This study made a prototype self-driving car using a camera as a sensor and a neural network algorithm for pattern recognition. The pattern recognition in question is the image recognition of the path taken. The data that has been taken will later be converted into a matrix with dimensions of 320x120 according to the image resolution. Then the data will be trained to recognize the path pattern with the proportion of 7: 3 for training accuracy and validation accuracy. The resulting prediction has an accuracy of 76.86% for training accuracy and 75.24% for validation accuracy.</em></p>

Indonesia is the one of the countries with the largest of sea area. However, the water surveillance categorized as minimum. The human resource and the low level of infrastructure are the causal of the minimum level of water surveillance. The human involvement of water surveillance has many weaknesses, such as weak against the change of the nature condition, limitation in reaching location, weak against water turbidity levels and water pollution. The utilization of ROV (Remotely Operated Underwater Vehicle) could be a solution in water surveillance problem. The development of ROV still not significant in Indonesia. The development costs are also a problem in development of ROV. Many researcher using USBL (Ultra Short Base Line) sensor to sense the depth of the ROV. However, the cost of this sensor is relatively expensive. The usage of low-cost pressure sensor could be a solution to replace the USBL sensor. The low-cost pressure sensor has a significant deviation. The implementation of Newton’s polynomials interpolation algorithm has been used to decreased the deviation level of the sensors. The result shows the algorithm has succeeded to decreased the deviation level of the pressure sensor significantly. The default sensor has significant MSE value of 42956.2. The Newton interpolation algorithm has been succeeded to reducing the MSE value to 17.82. The result of this research is expected to reduce the cost of the ROVs development especially for sensors cost.

the water scarcity and drought challenge are the current issue that faced by many countries in the world. The water scarcity and drought have disadvantageous impact to agriculture, industry and the environment. Wastewater reuse method has recognized as solution to overcome water scarcity. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is a widely known as water replenishment that using wastewater reuse system that integrates microbial decomposition to process the wastewater. The over limit of effluent level leads to degradation of water quality produced by the plant. The denitrification process enhancement is highly recommended to increase the quality of water disposal. The adding of carbon material has recognized as a method to enhance the denitrification process. The rising of operational cost of the plant is the direct effect of the using of carbon addition. The high-performance controller is highly suggested to control the flow of carbon material in order to enhance the denitrification process and optimizing the carbon material usage. The PID controller is widely used in industrial purposes. Due the nonlinearity and complexity of the waste water treatment plant makes the traditional PID unable to work appropriately. The real-time error correction must be performed to minimize the error.  It could be achieved by combining Fuzzy controller and traditional PID controller. The Fuzzy-PID controller has been succeeded to reduce the usage of the carbon than PID controller. The implementation of Fuzzy-PID controller is able to save the usage of carbon consumption by 412 kg COD.  The nitrogen concentration, aeration energy and pumping energy also decreased by 0.0029 mg N/L,87kWh and 17 kWh.