Advances in developing organic fluorescent probes and fluorescence imaging techniques have enhanced our understanding of cell biology. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a dynamic structure that plays a crucial role...

Lipid droplets (LDs), owing to their involvement in various physiological processes and diseases such as fatty liver, diabetes, and cancer, have attracted considerable attention. Live cell imaging of lipid droplets...

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is critical for maintaining immune system balance, but it can harm mitochondria by hindering enzyme activity, leading to decreased ATP and increased cell death. In this study, we have designed a fluorophore with a pyridinium scaffold for selective staining of the mitochondria and to detect hypochlorite. The fluorophore exhibits strong solvatochromic emission due to intramolecular charge transfer and excellent sub-cellular localization in the mitochondria. Additionally, it shows a rapid response to HOCl with high selectivity among different reactive oxygen/nitrogen compounds with a detection limit of 2.31 μM. Moreover, it is also utilized for the exogenous and endogenous detection of HOCl in live cells, which may help study the role of hypochlorite in organelles at the cellular level. DFT and TDDFT calculations have been carried out to understand the relationship between the structure and properties of the cationic probes with respect to the α-cyano substitution and extension of π-conjugation. The selective detection of HOCl by C4 over other cationic probes has also been well-demonstrated, showing how the binding of HOCl affects the electronic properties of C4 through the analysis of non-bonding orbitals (NBO) population, electrostatic potential surface (ESP), and density of states (DOS) projected DOS investigations.

Drug repurposing is the process of finding the new uses of existing drugs. It is one of the emerging methods involved in selecting a molecule for diseases which are communicable and can spread in the general population at a faster pace. The method is selected over conventional drug discovery methods because it is a faster way to bring an existing molecule for a different disease. Ever since COVID-19 pandemic has emerged worldwide use of repurposed drugs has become an important toll to tackle this viral disease. This review is a study of the varous stargegies of drug reprposing for the treatment of COVID19.